fcmedicineФундаментальная и клиническая медицинаFundamental and Clinical Medicine2500-07642542-0941КемГМУ10.23946/2500-0764-2025-10-2-56-66fcmedicine-1020Research ArticleАКУШЕРСТВО И ГИНЕКОЛОГИЯOBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGYСовременный взгляд на факторы риска преждевременного разрыва плодных оболочекCurrent perspectives on risk factors for premature rupture of membraneshttps://orcid.org/0009-0008-5452-2388ВейсА. О.VeysA. O.

Вейс Алена Олеговна, очный аспирант кафедры акушерства и гинекологии им. проф. Г.А. Ушаковой

ул. Ворошилова, 22а, г. Кемерово, 650056

Dr. Alena O. Veys, MD, Postgraduate Student, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology named after G.A. Ushakova

Voroshilova Street, 22a, Kemerovo, 650056

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5570-1988НовиковаО. Н.NovikovaO. N.

Новикова Оксана Николаевна, доктор медицинских наук, доцент, профессор кафедры акушерства и гинекологии им. проф. Г.А. Ушаковой

ул. Ворошилова, 22а, г. Кемерово, 650056

Prof. Oksana N. Novikova, MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology named after G.A. Ushakova

Voroshilova Street, 22a, Kemerovo, 650056

Кемеровский государственный медицинский университетРоссияKemerovo State Medical UniversityRussian Federation2025300620251025666Copyright © Вейс А.О., Новикова О.Н., 20252025Вейс А.О., Новикова О.Н.Veys A.O., Novikova O.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://fcm.kemsmu.ru/jour/article/view/1020

Преждевременный разрыв плодных оболочек (ПРПО) – это осложнение беременности, характеризующееся излитием околоплодных вод до начала родовой деятельности. По информации из литературных источников, примерно 8–10% беременностей сопровождаются ПРПО. Научные исследования подтверждают, что разрыв плодных оболочек как при недоношенной беременности, так и в доношенном сроке увеличивает риск материнских и перинатальных осложнений. Цель. С помощью анализа данных из отечественных и зарубежных источников обобщить факторы, которые могут привести к преждевременному разрыву плодных оболочек. Материалы и методы. Были проанализированы результаты поиска в информационной базе «PubMed». Слова для поиска: «prelabor rupture of membranes», «premature rupture of membranes». Обнаружено 1287 источников. После удаления повторяющихся отчетов (256 источников) был проведен скрининг. В результате отбора по заголовку и аннотации исключены 624 исследования. После анализа текста из-за несоответствия теме обзора удалены 198 исследований, еще 62 публикации удалены из обзора в связи с отсутствием полной версии в свободном доступе. Критериям поиска соответствовали 54 публикации. Глубина поиска – 5 лет (2019– 2024 гг.). Результаты. Рассмотрены факторы риска, связанные с инфекцией, метаболическим синдромом, влиянием биологически активных веществ и дисфункцией эндотелия. Заключение. В настоящий момент не существует единого взгляда на проблему патогенеза преждевременного разрыва плодных оболочек. Наиболее перспективными являются инфекционная и эндотелиальная теории, однако ни одна из них в полной мере не объясняет процессы, приводящие к развитию и описывающие механизмы данного осложнения. Факторы риска, описанные в литературе, носят крайне гетерогенный характер и не укладываются в единую концепцию

Aim. To summarize factors that may lead to premature rupture of membranes through the literature analysis. Materials and Methods. A search was conducted in the PubMed database using the keywords: "prelabor rupture of membranes" and "premature rupture of membranes." A total of 1,287 sources were identified. After removing 256 duplicate records, a screening process was carried out. Based on title and abstract review, 624 studies were excluded. Following full-text analysis, 198 studies were excluded due to lack of relevance to the review topic, and an additional 62 publications were excluded due to unavailability of full-text access. In total, 54 publications met the inclusion criteria. The search covered the past 5 years (2019–2024). Results. The analysis addressed risk factors associated with infection, metabolic syndrome, the influence of biologically active substances, and endothelial dysfunction. Conclusion. At present, there is no unified understanding of the pathogenesis of premature rupture of membranes. The infectious and endothelial theories appear to be the most promising; however, neither fully explains the processes involved in the development or mechanisms underlying this complication. The risk factors described in the literature are highly heterogeneous and do not conform to a single conceptual framework

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.