fcmedicineФундаментальная и клиническая медицинаFundamental and Clinical Medicine2500-07642542-0941КемГМУ10.23946/2500-0764-2025-10-3-24-35fcmedicine-1061Research ArticleЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЯEPIDEMIOLOGYЭпидемиологическая характеристика COVID-19 у медицинских работниковEpidemiological features of COVID-19 in healthcare workershttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5922-7232КудашеваС. В.KudashevaS. V.

Кудашева Светлана Владимировна, главный врач 

ул. Волгоградская, д. 43б, г. Кемерово, 650036 

Dr. Svetlana V. Kudasheva, MD, Chief Physician 

Volgogradskaya Street, 43b, Kemerovo, 650036 

gikb8glv@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3848-9206ЛебедеваИ. Б.LebedevaI. B.

Лебедева Ирина Борисовна, кандидат медицинских наук, ассистент кафедры эпидемиологии и инфекционных болезней  

ул. Ворошилова, д. 22а, г. Кемерово, 650056 

Dr. Irina B. Lebedeva, MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases 

Voroshilova Street, 22a, Kemerovo, 650056 

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8616-3227БрусинаЕ. Б.BrusinaE. B.

Брусина Елена Борисовна, член-корреспондент РАН, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой эпидемиологии и инфекционных болезней 

ул. Ворошилова, д. 22а, г. Кемерово, 650056 

Prof. Elena B. Brusina, MD, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Department of Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases 

Voroshilova Street, 22a, Kemerovo, 650056 

Кузбасская клиническая инфекционная больницаРоссияKuzbass Clinical Infectious Diseases HospitalRussian FederationКемеровский государственный медицинский университетРоссияKemerovo State Medical UniversityRussian Federation2025290920251032435Copyright © Кудашева С.В., Лебедева И.Б., Брусина Е.Б., 20252025Кудашева С.В., Лебедева И.Б., Брусина Е.Б.Kudasheva S.V., Lebedeva I.B., Brusina E.B.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://fcm.kemsmu.ru/jour/article/view/1061

Цель. Оценка региональных особенностей развития эпидемического процесса COVID-19 у медицинских работников. Материалы и методы. Выполнено сплошное описательное эпидемиологическое исследование заболеваемости и смертности от COVID-19 основного населения и медицинских работников Кемеровской области − Кузбасса в период пандемии (2020−2022 гг.), которое предполагало изучение интенсивности проявлений эпидемического процесса COVID-19, распределения заболеваемости во времени и пространстве, структуры заболеваемости по полу, возрасту и врачебной специальности. Для оценки динамики эпидемического процесса оценивался темп роста и темп прироста (%) заболеваемости, смертности. Информация о случаях COVID-19 получена из Формы федерального статистического наблюдения «Сведения об инфекционных и паразитарных заболеваниях» № 2, Федерального регистра лиц, больных COVID-19 за 2020-2022 гг. (количество заболевших - 212997, в том числе медицинских работников - 7513), Форма №30 «Сведения о медицинской организации» за 2020-2022 гг. (количество медицинских работников - 99848), протоколов патологоанатомического вскрытия, Форма №013/у (n = 2848). Кроме того, изучены результаты определения антител к SARS-CoV-2 в 2020 г. у медицинских работников Кемеровской области – Кузбасса (n = 41355) до введения вакцинации. Результаты. Заболеваемость COVID-19 медицинских работников была в 2,77 раза выше, чем населения, не занятого оказанием медицинской помощи (средний многолетний (2020‒2022 гг.) показатель заболеваемости медицинских работников ‒ 7524,44 0/0000 (95 % ДИ [7386,94 ‒ 7661,93]). Смертность среди медицинских работников составила 17,89 0/0000 и была в 2,24 раза ниже, чем основного населения Кемеровской области ‒ Кузбасса. После введения вакцинации в 2021 г. заболеваемость медицинских работников снизилась (5587,52 0/0000 (95 % ДИ [5485,14 ‒ 5689,90], Тсниж = 14,48 %), смертность сократилась в 1,63 раза. Врачи-терапевты и врачи общих врачебных практик болели чаще врачей других специальностей (344,83 на 1000 врачей данного профиля). В период пандемии наиболее уязвимой возрастной группой среди медицинских работников оказалась категория от 50 до 64 лет (7491,76 0/0000). Заключение. Заболеваемость медицинские работников COVID-19 на территории наблюдения была в 2,77 раза выше, чем населения. Самая высокая заболеваемость регистрировалась среди врачей (107,59 0/00) с максимальными показателями у врачей-терапевтов поликлиник и врачей общей практики (344,83 0/00). Смертность от COVID-19 среди медицинских работников была в 2,24 раза ниже, чем в общей популяции населения. Для совершенствования защиты медицинского персонала от биологических рисков необходимо продолжение изучения опыта пандемии, в том числе ее региональных особенностей.

Aim. To study regional features of the COVID-19 pandemic in healthcare workers. Materials and Methods. We conducted a descriptive epidemiological study of COVID-19 incidence and mortality in healthcare workers and general population of the Kemerovo Region during the pandemic (2020‒2022). The study included analysis of pandemic intensity, and the structure of incidence by sex, age, and medical specialty. To evaluate epidemic dynamics, we estimated the growth rate and increase rate (%) of incidence and mortality. Data on COVID-19 cases were obtained from the Federal Statistical Reporting Form No. 2 “Information on Infectious and Parasitic Diseases,” the Federal Register of COVID-19 Patients for 2020‒2022 (total number of cases: 212,997, including 7,513 healthcare workers), and Statistical Form No. 30 “Information on Medical Organizations” for 2020‒2022 (total number of healthcare workers: 99,848), autopsy reports, and Form No. 013/u (n = 2,848). We have also analyzed the results of SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing among healthcare workers in Kemerovo Region in 2020 (n = 41,355) prior to the start of the vaccination. Results. The incidence of COVID-19 in healthcare workers was 2.77-fold higher than in the rest of the population (average long-term (2020‒2022) incidence among the healthcare workers was 7524.4 per 100,000 (95% CI [7386.9‒7661.9]). Mortality among healthcare workers was 17.9 per 100,000, and was 2.24-fold lower than in the rest of the population. Following the introduction of vaccination in 2021, the incidence among the healthcare workers decreased (5,587.5 per 100,000 (95 % CI [5485.1‒5689.9], reduction rate = 14.48 %), and mortality declined by 1.63-fold. Internists and general practitioners were affected more frequently as compared with other specialties (344.83 per 1,000 doctors of this category). During the pandemic, the most vulnerable age group among healthcare workers was 50–64 years old (7,491.8 per 100,000). Conclusion. The incidence of COVID-19 among healthcare workers in Kemerovo Region was 2.77-fold higher than in the general population. The highest incidence was observed among physicians (107.6 per 1,000), with maximum rates among outpatient internists and general practitioners (344.8 per 1,000). The mortality from COVID-19 among healthcare workers was 2.24-fold lower than in the general population. To improve the protection of medical personnel from biological risks, it is necessary to continue studying the experience of the pandemic, including its regional features.

COVID-19медицинские работникизаболеваемостьсмертностьэпидемический процессCOVID-19healthcare workersincidencemortalityepidemic processReferencesБрико Н.И., Каграманян И.Н., Никифоров В.В., Суранова Т.Г., Чернявская О.П., Полежаева Н.А. Пандемия COVID-19. Меры борьбы с ее распространением в Российской Федерации. Эпидемиология и Вакцинопрофилактика. 2020;19(2):4–12. https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2020-19-2-4-12Briko NI, Kagramanyan IN, Nikiforov VV, Suranova TG, Chernyavskaya OP, Polezhaeva NA. Pandemic COVID-19. Prevention Measures in the Russian Federation. Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention. 2020;19(2):4– 12 (In Russ). https://doi:10.31631/2073-3046-2020-19-2-4-122Шматова Ю.Е. Влияние COVID-19 на психическое здоровье населения (как показатель человеческого потенциала): опыт зарубежных исследований. Проблемы развития территории. 2020;4(108):88– 108. https://doi.org/10.15838/ptd.2020.4.108.6Shmatova YuE. Impact of COVID-19 on Mental Health of Population (as an Indicator of Human Potential): Experience of Foreign Studies. Problems of Territory’s Development. 2020;4(108):88–108. (In Russ). https://doi.org/10.15838/ptd.2020.4.108.6Медведева Е.А., Зыков К.А., Марьин Г.Г., Плоскирева А.А., Свитич О.А., Каира А.Н. и др. Анализ риска заболевания COVID-19 в поствакцинальный период по результатам многоцентрового исследования — анкетирования медицинских работников. Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук. 2024;79(1):42–51. https://doi.org/10.15690/vramn13998Medvedeva EA, Maryin GG, Zykov KA, Svitich OA, Ploskireva AA, Nazarov DA, et al. Present new coronavirus infection and its impact on psychological well-being staff of medical institutions and universities. Bashkortostan Medical Journal. 2023;18(6):24–30. (In Russ). https://doi.org/10.15690/vramn13998Buerhaus P.I., Auerbach D.I., Staiger D.O. Older Clinicians and the Surge in Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). JAMA. 2020;323(18):1777–1778. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.4978Buerhaus PI, Auerbach DI, Staiger DO. Older Clinicians and the Surge in Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). JAMA. 2020;323(18):1777–1778. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.4978Hunter E., Price D.A., Murphy E., Schim van der Loeff I., Baker K.F., Lendrem D., et al. First experience of COVID-19 screening of healthcare workers in England. Lancet. 2020;395(10234):e77–e78. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30970-3Hunter E, Price DA, Murphy E, Schim van der Loeff I, Baker KF, Lendrem D, et al. First experience of COVID-19 screening of health-care workers in England. Lancet. 2020;395(10234):e77–e78. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30970-3Smallwood N., Harrex W., Rees M., Willis K., Bennett C.M. COVID-19 infection and the broader impacts of the pandemic on healthcare workers. Respirology. 2022;27(6):411–426. https://doi.org/10.1111/resp.14208Smallwood N, Harrex W, Rees M, Willis K, Bennett CM. COVID-19 infection and the broader impacts of the pandemic on healthcare workers. Respirology. 2022;27(6):411–426. https://doi.org/10.1111/resp.14208N Fountoulakis K., N Karakatsoulis G., Abraham S., Adorjan K., Ahmed H.U., Alarcón R.D., et al. Results of the COVID-19 mental health international for the health professionals (COMET-HP) study: depression, suicidal tendencies and conspiracism. Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol. 2023;58(9):1387–1410. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-023-02438-8N Fountoulakis K, N Karakatsoulis G, Abraham S, Adorjan K, Ahmed HU, Alarcón RD, et al. Results of the COVID-19 mental health international for the health professionals (COMET-HP) study: depression, suicidal tendencies and conspiracism. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2023;58(9):1387–1410. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-023-02438-8Muller A.E., Hafstad E.V., Himmels J.P.W., Smedslund G., Flottorp S., Stensland S.Ø., et al. The mental health impact of the covid-19 pandemic on healthcare workers, and interventions to help them: A rapid systematic review. Psychiatry Res. 2020;293:113441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113441Muller AE, Hafstad EV, Himmels JPW, Smedslund G, Flottorp S, Stensland SØ, et al. The mental health impact of the covid-19 pandemic on healthcare workers, and interventions to help them: A rapid systematic review. Psychiatry Res. 2020;293:113441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113441Russell C.D., Lone N.I., Baillie J.K. Comorbidities, multimorbidity and COVID-19. Nat. Med. 2023;29(2):334–343. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-022-02156-9Russell CD, Lone NI, Baillie JK. Comorbidities, multimorbidity and COVID-19. Nat Med. 2023;29(2):334–343. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-022-02156-9Tsampasian V., Elghazaly H., Chattopadhyay R., Debski M., Naing T.K.P., Garg P., et al. Risk Factors Associated With Post-COVID-19 Condition: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Intern. Med. 2023;183(6):566–580. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.0750Tsampasian V, Elghazaly H, Chattopadhyay R, Debski M, Naing T.K.P., Garg P, et al. Risk Factors Associated With Post-COVID-19 Condition: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Intern. Med. 2023;183(6):566–580. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.0750Медведева Е.А., Зыков К.А., Марьин Г.Г., Плоскирева А.А., Свитич О.А., Каира А.Н. и др. Анализ риска заболевания COVID-19 в поствакцинальный период по результатам многоцентрового исследования – анкетирования медицинских работников. Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук. 2024;79(1):42–51. https://doi.org/10.15690/vramn13998Medvedeva EA, Zykov KA, Marin HG, Ploskireva AA, Svitich OA, Kaira AN, et al. Analysis of the Risk of COVID-19 in the Post-Vaccination Period Based on the Results of a Multicenter Study – a Survey of Medical Workers. Annals of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. 2024;79(1):42–51. (In Russ). https://doi.org/10.15690/vramn13998Gholami M., Fawad I., Shadan S., Rowaiee R., Ghanem H., Hassan Khamis, et al. A COVID-19 and healthcare workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int. J. Infect. Dis. 2021;104:335–346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2021.01.013Gholami M, Fawad I, Shadan S, Rowaiee R, Ghanem H, Hassan Khamis, et al. A COVID-19 and healthcare workers: A systematic review and metaanalysis. Int J Infect Dis. 2021;104:335–346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2021.01.013Gaio V., Santos A.J., Amaral P., Faro Viana J., Antunes I., Pacheco V., et al. COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness among healthcare workers: a hospital-based cohort study. BMJ Open. 2023;13(5):e068996. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-068996Gaio V, Santos AJ, Amaral P, Faro Viana J, Antunes I, Pacheco V, et al. COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness among healthcare workers: a hospitalbased cohort study. BMJ Open. 2023;13(5):e068996. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-068996Егоров И.А., Смирнова С.С., Мищенко В.А., Вялых И.В., Маркарян А.Ю., Жуйков Н.Н. и др. Пандемия COVID‑19: влияние мер специфической и неспецифической профилактики на риск заражения SARS-CoV-2 у работников медицинских организаций. Проблемы особо опасных инфекций. 2023;3:80–86. https://doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2023-3-80-86Egorov IA, Smirnova SS, Mishchenko VA, Vyalykh IV, Markaryan AYu, Zhuikov NN, et al. COVID-19 Pandemic: Effect of Specific and NonSpecific Prevention Measures on the Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Employees of Healthcare Organizations. Problemy Osobo Opasnykh Infektsii. 2023;3:80–86. (In Russ). https://doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2023-3-80-86Sidibé M., Campbell J. Reversing a global health workforce crisis. Bull. World Health Organ. 2015;93(1):3. https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.14.151209Sidibé M, Campbell J. Reversing a global health workforce crisis. Bull World Health Organ. 2015;93(1):3. https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.14.151209Liu J.X., Goryakin Y., Maeda A., Bruckner T., Scheffler R. Global Health Workforce Labor Market Projections for 2030. Hum. Resour. Health. 2017;15(1):11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-017-0187-2Liu JX, Goryakin Y, Maeda A, Bruckner T, Scheffler R. Global Health Workforce Labor Market Projections for 2030. Hum Resour Health. 2017;15(1):11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-017-0187-2Бухтияров И.В. Эпидемиологические и клинико-экспертные проблемы профессиональной инфекционной заболеваемости работников при оказании медицинской помощи в условиях пандемии COVID-19. Медицина труда и промышленная экологии. 2021;61(1):4–12. https://doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2021-61-1-4-1217Bukhtiyarov IV. Epidemiological, clinical, and expert issues of occupational infectious diseases of workers during medical care in the COVID-19 pandemic. Med truda i prom. ekol. 2021;61(1):4–12. https://doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2021-61-1-4-12Haley B.M., Patil P., Levy J.I., Spangler K.R., Tieskens K.F., Carnes F., et al. Evaluating COVID-19 Risk to Essential Workers by Occupational Group: A Case Study in Massachusetts. J. Community Health. 2024;49(1):91–99. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-023-01249-xHaley BM, Patil P, Levy JI., Spangler KR, Tieskens KF, Carnes F, et al. Evaluating COVID-19 Risk to Essential Workers by Occupational Group: A Case Study in Massachusetts. J Community Health. 2024;49(1):91–99. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-023-01249-xРепин Т.М., Фельдблюм И.В., Девятков М.Ю. Сравнительная оценка заболеваемости COVID-19 медицинских работников и совокупного населения г. Перми. Пермский медицинский журнал. 2023;40(5):38– 48. https://doi.org/10.17816/pmj40538-48Repin TM, Feldblyum IV, Devyatkov MY. Comparative assessment of COVID-19 incidence among healthcare workers and general population in the city of Perm. Perm Medical Journal. 2023;40(5):38–48. (In Russ). https://doi.org/10.17816/pmj40538-48D'Ettorre G., Pellicani V., Muratore M., Ceccarelli G. Occupational health surveillance of healthcare workers during COVID 19 pandemic: a narrative review. Acta Biomed. 2022;93(1):e2022007. https://doi.org/10.23750/abm.v93i1.10277D'Ettorre G, Pellicani V, Muratore M, Ceccarelli G. Occupational health surveillance of healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic: a narrative review. Acta Biomed. 2022;93(1):e2022007. https://doi.org/10.23750/abm.v93i1.10277Dzinamarira T., Murewanhema G., Mhango M., Iradukunda P.G., Chitungo I., Mashora M., et al. COVID-19 Prevalence among Healthcare Workers. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health. 2021;19(1):146. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010146Dzinamarira T, Murewanhema G, Mhango M, Iradukunda PG, Chitungo I, Mashora M, et al. COVID-19 Prevalence among Healthcare Workers. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;19(1):146. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010146Varyvonchyk D.V., Yavorovskyi О.P., Petrovska O.S., Ustinova L.A., Kalashnikov A.A., Kurdil N.V., et al. Occupational safety of healthcare workers in the terms of the Covid-19 pandemic as the public health aspect. Pol. Merkur. Lekarski. 2024;52(5):604–609. https://doi.org/10.36740/Merkur202405120Varyvonchyk DV, Yavorovskyi ОP, Petrovska OS, Ustinova LA, Kalashnikov AA, Kurdil NV, et al. Occupational safety of healthcare workers in the terms of the Covid-19 pandemic as the public health aspect. Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2024;52(5):604–609. https://doi.org/10.36740/Merkur202405120Jeremias A., Nguyen J., Levine J., Pollack S., Engellenner W., Thakore A., et al. Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Health Care Workers in a Tertiary Community Hospital. JAMA Intern. Med. 2020;180(12):1707– 1709. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.4214Jeremias A, Nguyen J, Levine J, Pollack S, Engellenner W, Thakore A, et al. Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Health Care Workers in a Tertiary Community Hospital. JAMA Intern. Med. 2020;180(12):1707– 1709. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.4214Nienhaus A., Hod R. COVID-19 among Health Workers in Germany and Malaysia. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2020;17(13):4881. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134881Nienhaus A, Hod R. COVID-19 among Health Workers in Germany and Malaysia. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(13):4881. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134881Oran D.P., Topol E.J. Prevalence of Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection : A Narrative Review. Ann. Intern. Med. 2020;173(5):362–367. https://doi.org/10.7326/M20-3012Oran DP, Topol EJ. Prevalence of Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Narrative Review. Ann Intern Med. 2020;173(5):362–367. https://doi.org/10.7326/M20-3012Tabah A., Ramanan M., Laupland K.B., Buetti N., Cortegiani A., Mellinghoff J., et al. Personal protective equipment and intensive care unit healthcare worker safety in the COVID-19 era (PPE-SAFE): An international survey. J. Crit. Care. 2020;59:70–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2020.06.005Tabah A, Ramanan M, Laupland KB, Buetti N, Cortegiani A, Mellinghoff J, et al. Personal protective equipment and intensive care unit healthcare worker safety in the COVID-19 era (PPE-SAFE): An international survey. J Crit Care. 2020;59:70–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2020.06.005Акимкин В.Г., Кузин С.Н., Семененко Т.А., Плоскирева А.А., Дубоделов Д.В., Тиванова Е.В. и др. Гендерно-возрастная характеристика пациентов с COVID-19 на разных этапах эпидемии в Москве. Проблемы особо опасных инфекций. 2020;3:27–35. https://doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2020-3-27-35Akimkin VG, Kuzin SN, Semenenko TA, Ploskireva AA., Dubodelov DV, Tivanova E.V, et al. Gender-Age Distribution of Patients with COVID-19 at Different Stges of Epidemic in Moscow. Problemy Osobo Opasnykh Infektsii. 2020;3:27–35. (In Russ). https://doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2020-3-27-35Bandyopadhyay S., Baticulon R.E., Kadhum M., Alser M., Ojuka D.K., Badereddin Y., et al. Infection and mortality of healthcare workers worldwide from COVID-19: a systematic review. BMJ Glob. Health. 2020;5(12):e003097. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003097Bandyopadhyay S, Baticulon RE, Kadhum M, Alser M, Ojuka DK, Badereddin Y, et al. Infection and mortality of healthcare workers worldwide from COVID-19: a systematic review. BMJ Glob Health. 2020;5(12):e003097. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003097Mustafa S., Zhang Y., Zibwowa Z., Seifeldin R., Ako-Egbe L., McDarby G., et al. COVID-19 Preparedness and Response Plans from 106 countries: a review from a health systems resilience perspective. Health Policy Plan. 2022;37(2):255–268. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czab089Mustafa S, Zhang Y, Zibwowa Z, Seifeldin R, Ako-Egbe L, McDarby G, et al. COVID-19 Preparedness and Response Plans from 106 countries: a review from a health systems resilience perspective. Health Policy Plan. 2022;37(2):255–268. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czab089Шулакова Н.И., Тутельян А.В., Акимкин В.Г. Ключевые аспекты рисков в профессиональной деятельности медицинских работников. Анализ риска здоровью. 2024:2:185–195. https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2024.2.17Shulakova NI, Tutelyan AV, Akimkin VG. Key aspects of occupational risks for healthcare workers. Health Risk Analysis. 2024:2:185–195. https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2024.2.17

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.