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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">fcmedicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Фундаментальная и клиническая медицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Fundamental and Clinical Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2500-0764</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-0941</issn><publisher><publisher-name>КемГМУ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23946/2500-0764-2025-10-3-72-86</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">fcmedicine-1066</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПАТОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ФИЗИОЛОГИЯ,  ИММУНОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PATHOPHISIOLOGY, IMMUNOOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сравнительный электронно-микроскопический анализ эндотелиальномезенхимального перехода в нативных и замененных элементах системы кровообращения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Electron microscopy analysis of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in native and prosthetic blood vessels and heart valves</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4124-2316</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богданов</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogdanov</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Богданов Лев Александрович, кандидат биологических наук, научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной, трансляционной и цифровой медицины отдела экспериментальной медицины </p><p>бульвар имени академика Л.С. Барбараша, д. 6, г. Кемерово, 650002 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Leo A. Bogdanov, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Researcher, Laboratory for Molecular, Translational and Digital Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine </p><p>Barbarash Boulevard, 6, Kemerovo, 650002 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bogdanovleone@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6840-1116</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кошелев</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Koshelev</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кошелев Владислав Александрович, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной, трансляционной и цифровой медицины отдела экспериментальной медицины </p><p>бульвар имени академика Л.С. Барбараша, д. 6, г. Кемерово, 650002 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mr. Vladislav A. Koshelev, BSc, Junior Researcher, Laboratory for Molecular, Translational and Digital Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine </p><p>Barbarash Boulevard, 6, Kemerovo, 650002 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5558-3229</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мухамадияров</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mukhamadiyarov</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мухамадияров Ринат Авхадиевич, кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории молекулярной, трансляционной и цифровой медицины отдела экспериментальной медицины </p><p>бульвар имени академика Л.С. Барбараша, д. 6, г. Кемерово, 650002 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Rinat A. Mukhamadiyarov, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Senior Researcher, Laboratory for Molecular, Translational and Digital Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine </p><p>Barbarash Boulevard, 6, Kemerovo, 650002 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1746-8895</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фролов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Frolov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фролов Алексей Витальевич, доктор медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории рентгенэндоваскулярной и реконструктивной хирургии сердца и сосудов отдела хирургии сердца и сосудов  </p><p>бульвар имени академика Л.С. Барбараша, д. 6, г. Кемерово, 650002 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Alexey V. Frolov, MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Leading Researcher, Laboratory for Endovascular and Reconstructive Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery </p><p>Barbarash Boulevard, 6, Kemerovo, 650002 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9430-937X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сенокосова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Senokosova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сенокосова Евгения Андреевна, кандидат биологических наук, заведующая лабораторией клеточных технологий отдела экспериментальной медицины  </p><p>бульвар имени академика Л.С. Барбараша, д. 6, г. Кемерово, 650002 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Evgenia A. Senokosova, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Head of the Laboratory for Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Experimental Medicine </p><p>Barbarash Boulevard, 6, Kemerovo, 650002 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1991-6516</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прокудина</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Prokudina</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Прокудина Екатерина Сергеевна, кандидат биологических наук, научный сотрудник лаборатории тканевой инженерии и внутрисосудистой визуализации отдела хирургии сердца и сосудов </p><p>бульвар имени академика Л.С. Барбараша, д. 6, г. Кемерово, 650002 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Ekaterina S. Prokudina, Cand. Sci. (Biology), Researcher, Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Intravascular Imaging, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery </p><p>Barbarash Boulevard, 6, Kemerovo, 650002 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9734-8462</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шабаев</surname><given-names>А. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shabaev</surname><given-names>A. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шабаев Амин Рашитович, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточных технологий отдела экспериментальной медицины </p><p>бульвар имени академика Л.С. Барбараша, д. 6, г. Кемерово, 650002 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Amin R. Shabaev, MD, Junior Researcher, Laboratory for Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Experimental Medicine </p><p>Barbarash Boulevard, 6, Kemerovo, 650002 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1661-1135</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ляпин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyapin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ляпин Антон Александрович, кандидат медицинских наук, врач сердечно-сосудистый хирург отделения кардиохирургии №2 </p><p>бульвар имени академика Л.С. Барбараша, д. 6, г. Кемерово, 650002 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Anton A. Lyapin, MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Cardiovascular Surgeon, Cardiac Surgery Unit #1 </p><p>Barbarash Boulevard, 6, Kemerovo, 650002 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8679-4857</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кутихин</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kutikhin</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кутихин Антон Геннадьевич, доктор медицинских наук, заведующий отделом экспериментальной медицины </p><p>бульвар имени академика Л.С. Барбараша, д. 6, г. Кемерово, 650002 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Anton G. Kutikhin, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Head of the Department of Experimental Medicine </p><p>Barbarash Boulevard, 6, Kemerovo, 650002 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>72</fpage><lpage>86</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Богданов Л.А., Кошелев В.А., Мухамадияров Р.А., Фролов А.В., Сенокосова Е.А., Прокудина Е.С., Шабаев А.Р., Ляпин А.А., Кутихин А.Г., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Богданов Л.А., Кошелев В.А., Мухамадияров Р.А., Фролов А.В., Сенокосова Е.А., Прокудина Е.С., Шабаев А.Р., Ляпин А.А., Кутихин А.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bogdanov L.A., Koshelev V.A., Mukhamadiyarov R.A., Frolov A.V., Senokosova E.A., Prokudina E.S., Shabaev A.R., Lyapin A.A., Kutikhin A.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fcm.kemsmu.ru/jour/article/view/1066">https://fcm.kemsmu.ru/jour/article/view/1066</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель. Провести анализ электронно-микроскопических признаков эндотелиально-мезенхимального перехода (ЭндоМТ) в эндотелиальных клетках (ЭК) нативных кровеносных сосудов и медицинских изделий (МИ), используемых в сердечно-сосудистой хирургии (включая сосудистые заплаты, стенты и биопротезы клапанов сердца), для оценки значимости ЭндоМТ в патогенезе осложнений их имплантации в отдаленном периоде. Материалы и методы. В работе были исследованы образцы внутренней грудной артерии человека, использованной в качестве кондуита для коронарного шунтирования, сонной артерии овцы с заплатой из ксеноперикарда, стентированной сонной артерии (СА) человека и створок биопротезов аортального клапана сердца человека. Визуализацию проводили посредством сканирующей электронной микроскопии в обратно-рассеянных электронах после окрашивания вышеуказанных биологических тканей тяжелыми металлами, их заключения в эпоксидную смолу, шлифовки и полировки эпоксидных блоков и напыления углеродом (методика EM-BSEM). Результаты. Во всех исследованных образцах были выявлены ЭК с сохраненным эндотелиальным фенотипом и клетки с признаками ЭндоМТ. Нормальные ЭК характеризовались выраженной полярностью, вытянутым ядром и сохраненной базальной мембраной. ЭК с признаками ЭндоМТ отличались полиморфизмом ядер, отсутствием полярности, деградацией базальной и внутренней эластической мембран, а также признаками миграции вглубь сосудистой стенки. В субэндотелиальном слое идентифицированы воспалительные клетки (нейтрофилы, эозинофилы, макрофаги), свидетельствующие о различных стадиях воспаления и ремоделирования сосудистой стенки и биопротезов. Отмечены случаи миграции ЭК с признаками ЭндоМТ в сторону мышечной оболочки с приобретением фенотипа миофибробластов. Заключение. Полученные результаты подтверждают роль ЭндоМТ в патогенезе осложнений после имплантации медицинских изделий. Выявленные признаки дисфункции ЭК и ЭндоМТ сопровождаются развитием воспаления, деградацией внеклеточного матрикса и нарушением барьерной функции эндотелия, что может способствовать формированию неоинтимы с последующим рестенозом артерий, а также структурной дегенерации биопротезов клапанов сердца. Полученные данные требуют дальнейшего изучения молекулярных механизмов и разработки способов профилактики ЭндоМТ у кардиохирургических пациентов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Aim. To analyse the electron microscopy signs of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) in endothelial cells (ECs) of native blood vessels and medical devices for cardiovascular surgery (including vascular patches, stents, and bioprosthetic heart valves) for assessing the role of EndoMT in the pathogenesis of implantation-associated long-term complications. Materials and Methods. To achieve this task, we interrogated internal thoracic artery used as a coronary bypass conduit, ovine carotid artery with a xenopericardial patch, stented human carotid artery, and bioprosthetic aortic valve. The tissues were stained with heavy metals, embedded into epoxy resin, grinded and polished, sputter coated with carbon, and visualised using backscattered scanning electron microscopy (EM-BSEM technique). Results. All samples contained both physiological ECs and the cells undergoing EndoMT. Physiological ECs retained apicobasal polarity, elongated nucleus, and intact basement membrane. Cells undergoing EndoMT had polymorphic nuclei, loss of apicobasal polarity, degraded and disintegrated basement membrane and internal elastic lamina, and migration into the vascular wall. Numerous immune cells (i.e., neutrophils, eosinophils, and macrophages) in the subendothelial layer indicated distinct stages of inflammation and vascular or valvular remodeling. Cell undergoing EndoMT migrated into the medial layer acquiring a myofibroblastic phenotype. Conclusion. These results confirm the role of EndoMT in the pathogenesis of the complications associated with the implantation of medical devices. Signs of dysfunctional ECs and EndoMT have been accompanied by inflammation, extracellular matrix degradation, and disruption of endothelial barrier altogether promoting intimal hyperplasia and restenosis as well as structural valve deterioration. These data require the detailed investigation of EndoMT molecular mechanisms and therapeutic approaches of its prevention in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery interventions.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эндотелиальные клетки</kwd><kwd>эндотелиально-мезенхимальный переход</kwd><kwd>сосудистые заплаты</kwd><kwd>сосудистые стенты</kwd><kwd>биопротезы клапанов сердца</kwd><kwd>воспаление</kwd><kwd>ремоделирование сосудов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>endothelial cells</kwd><kwd>endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition</kwd><kwd>vascular patches</kwd><kwd>vascular stents</kwd><kwd>bioprosthetic heart valves</kwd><kwd>inflammation</kwd><kwd>vascular remodeling</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке комплексной программы фундаментальных научных исследований СО РАН в рамках фундаментальной темы НИИ КПССЗ № 0419-2024-0001 «Разработка новых фармакологических подходов к экспериментальной терапии атеросклероза, технологий серийного производства реактивов и расходных материалов для изучения физиологии и патофизиологии сердечно-сосудистой системы и программного обеспечения на основе искусственного интеллекта для автоматизированной диагностики патологий системы кровообращения и автоматизированного расчета сердечно-сосудистого риска» при финансовой поддержке Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации в рамках национального проекта «Наука и университеты».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This study was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (National Project Science and Universities) within the Complex Program of Basic Research under the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences within the Basic Research Topic of the Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases No. 0419-2024-0001 «Novel anti-atherosclerotic therapies and machine learning solutions for automated diagnosis and prognostication of cardiovascular disease.»</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li Y., Lui K.O., Zhou B. 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