<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">fcmedicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Фундаментальная и клиническая медицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Fundamental and Clinical Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2500-0764</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-0941</issn><publisher><publisher-name>КемГМУ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">fcmedicine-108</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>РАК МОЛОЧНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ: ЧТО ДОЛЖЕН ЗНАТЬ АКУШЕР-ГИНЕКОЛОГ?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>BREAST CANCER: WHAT SHOULD OBSTETRICIAN-GYNECOLOGIST KNOW?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Марочко</surname><given-names>Т.Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Marochko</surname><given-names>TATIANA Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Артымук</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Artymuk</surname><given-names>NATALIA V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фетисова</surname><given-names>Т. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fetisova</surname><given-names>TATIANA I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сутурина</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Suturina</surname><given-names>LARISA V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Кемеровский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kemerovo State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научный центр проблем здоровья семьи и репродукции человека» СО РАМН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Center of Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>3</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>84</fpage><lpage>90</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Марочко Т.Y., Артымук Н.В., Фетисова Т.И., Сутурина  Л.В., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Марочко Т., Артымук Н.В., Фетисова Т.И., Сутурина  Л.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Marochko T.Y., Artymuk N.V., Fetisova T.I., Suturina L.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fcm.kemsmu.ru/jour/article/view/108">https://fcm.kemsmu.ru/jour/article/view/108</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассматриваются актуальные вопросы эпидемиологии рака молочной железы и возможности его скрининга. Удельный вес рака молочной железы составляет до 21% в структуре онкологической заболеваемости, однако выявление этого злокачественного заболевания на стадии in situ имеет место в единичных случаях (1,3%), на I-II стадии заболевание выявляется у 69,7% пациенток, на III стадии - у 21,5%. Почти у каждой десятой женщины диагностируется запущенный рак IV стадии. Поэтому для акушера-гинеколога принципиально важным является знание основных принципов ранней диагностики рака молочной железы и вопросов его профилактики. Диагностика заболеваний молочных желез основана на оценке жалоб, данных анамнеза, объективного обследования и результатов инструментальных методов исследований (ультразвукового, маммографического, магнитно-резонансной томографии). В настоящее время пациентки с доброкачественными заболеваниями молочных желез должны находиться под наблюдением акушера-гинеколога и получать лечение с учетом имеющейся патологии репродуктивной системы. Методы консервативного лечения доброкачественных заболеваний молочных желез включают немедикаментозные (психотерапия) и медикаментозные (препараты на основе Витекса священного (Vítex agnus-castus), индол-3-карбинола, препараты прогестерона) методы лечения. Врач акушер-гинеколог должен знать факторы риска рака молочной железы (генетическая предрасположенность, ранний возраст менархе/позднее наступление менопаузы, избыточная масса тела, употребление алкоголя, курение). В компетенцию акушера-гинеколога входят вопросы первичной и вторичной профилактики рака молочной железы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Here we review the epidemiology and screening of breast cancer, a malignant tumor responsible for around 21% of all cancer cases. Risk factors of breast cancer include early menarche, late menopause, overweight/obesity, smoking, alcohol abuse, and genetic presdisposition. Despite the current advances in treatment, in situ breast cancer is rarely diagnosed (1.3%), while 29% of cases are diagnosed at the stage III or IV. Diagnosis of breast cancer is based on medical history, assessment of signs and symptoms, mammography, breast ultrasound examination, and magnetic resonance imaging. Currently, patients with benign breast conditions should be supervised by an obstetrician-gynecologist and receive proper medications. Conservative treatment of benign breast conditions include psychotherapy and use of progesterone, indole-3-carbinol, and Vitex agnus-castus preparations.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак молочной железы</kwd><kwd>доброкачественная дисплазия молочной железы</kwd><kwd>маммография</kwd><kwd>ультразвуковое исследование молочной железы</kwd><kwd>скрининг</kwd><kwd>профилактика</kwd><kwd>breast cancer</kwd><kwd>benign breast conditions</kwd><kwd>screening</kwd><kwd>prevention</kwd><kwd>mammography</kwd><kwd>breast ultrasound examination</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Состояние онкологической помощи населению России в 2016 году / под ред. А.Д. Каприна, В.В. Старинского, Г.В. Петровой. Москва: МНИОИ им. П.А. Герцена филиал ГБУ «НМИРЦ» Минздрава России, 2017. 236 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Состояние онкологической помощи населению России в 2016 году / под ред. А.Д. Каприна, В.В. Старинского, Г.В. Петровой. Москва: МНИОИ им. П.А. Герцена филиал ГБУ «НМИРЦ» Минздрава России, 2017. 236 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Злокачественные новообразования в России в 2016 году (заболеваемость и смертность / под ред А.Д. Каприна, В.В. Старинского, Г.В. Петровой. Москва: МНИОИ им. П.А. Герцена филиал ФГБУ«НМИРЦ» Минздрава России, 2018. 250 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Злокачественные новообразования в России в 2016 году (заболеваемость и смертность / под ред А.Д. Каприна, В.В. Старинского, Г.В. Петровой. Москва: МНИОИ им. П.А. Герцена филиал ФГБУ«НМИРЦ» Минздрава России, 2018. 250 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kuchenbaecker KB, Hopper JL, Barnes DR, Phillips KA, Mooij TM, Roos-Blom MJ, et al. Risks of breast, ovarian, and contralateral breast cancer for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. JAMA. 2017; 317 (23): 2402-2416. doi: 10.1001/ jama.2017.7112.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuchenbaecker KB, Hopper JL, Barnes DR, Phillips KA, Mooij TM, Roos-Blom MJ, et al. Risks of breast, ovarian, and contralateral breast cancer for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. JAMA. 2017; 317 (23): 2402-2416. doi: 10.1001/ jama.2017.7112.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer. Familial breast cancer: collaborative reanalysis of individual data from 52 epidemiological studies including 58,209 women with breast cancer and 101,986 women without the disease. Lancet. 2001; 358 (9291): 1389-1399.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer. Familial breast cancer: collaborative reanalysis of individual data from 52 epidemiological studies including 58,209 women with breast cancer and 101,986 women without the disease. Lancet. 2001; 358 (9291): 1389-1399.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer. Menarche, menopause, and breast cancer risk: individual participant meta-analysis, including 118,964 women with breast cancer from 117 epidemiological studies. Lancet Oncol. 2012; 13 (11): 1141-1151.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer. Menarche, menopause, and breast cancer risk: individual participant meta-analysis, including 118,964 women with breast cancer from 117 epidemiological studies. Lancet Oncol. 2012; 13 (11): 1141-1151.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rojas K, Stuckey P. Breast Cancer Epidemiology and Risk Factors. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2016; 59 (4): 651-672.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rojas K, Stuckey P. Breast Cancer Epidemiology and Risk Factors. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2016; 59 (4): 651-672.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lauby-Secretan B, Scoccianti C, Loomis D, Grosse Y, Bianchini F, Straif K, et al. Вody Fatness and Cancer - Viewpoint of the IARC Working Group. N Engl J Med. 2016; 375 (8): 794-798. doi: 10.1056/NEJMsr1606602.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lauby-Secretan B, Scoccianti C, Loomis D, Grosse Y, Bianchini F, Straif K, et al. Вody Fatness and Cancer - Viewpoint of the IARC Working Group. N Engl J Med. 2016; 375 (8): 794-798. doi: 10.1056/NEJMsr1606602.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gaudet MM, Carter BD, Brinton LA, Falk RT, Gram IT, Luo J, et al. Pooled analysis of active cigarette smoking and invasive breast cancer risk in 14 cohort studies. Int J Epidemiol. 2017; 46 (3): 881-893. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyw288.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gaudet MM, Carter BD, Brinton LA, Falk RT, Gram IT, Luo J, et al. Pooled analysis of active cigarette smoking and invasive breast cancer risk in 14 cohort studies. Int J Epidemiol. 2017; 46 (3): 881-893. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyw288.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вoyd NF, Guo H, Martin LJ, Sun L, Stone J, Fishell E, et al. Mammographic density and the risk and detection of breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2007; 356 (3): 227-236.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Вoyd NF, Guo H, Martin LJ, Sun L, Stone J, Fishell E, et al. Mammographic density and the risk and detection of breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2007; 356 (3): 227-236.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гинекология: национальное руководство / под ред. Г.М. Савельева, и др. Москва: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2017. 1008 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Гинекология: национальное руководство / под ред. Г.М. Савельева, и др. Москва: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2017. 1008 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lehman CD, Wellman RD, Buist DS, Kerlikowske K, Tosteson AN, Miglioretti DL, et al. Diagnostic Accuracy of Digital Screening Mammography With and Without Computer-Aided Detection. JAMA Intern Med. 2015; 175 (11): 1828-1837. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.5231.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lehman CD, Wellman RD, Buist DS, Kerlikowske K, Tosteson AN, Miglioretti DL, et al. Diagnostic Accuracy of Digital Screening Mammography With and Without Computer-Aided Detection. JAMA Intern Med. 2015; 175 (11): 1828-1837. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.5231.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lauby-Secretan B, Scoccianti C, Loomis D, Benbrahim-Tallaa L, Bouvard V, Bianchini F, et al. Breast Cancer Screening - Viewpoint of the IARC Working Group. N Engl J Med. 2015; 372 (24): 2353-2358. doi: 10.1056/NEJMsr1504363.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lauby-Secretan B, Scoccianti C, Loomis D, Benbrahim-Tallaa L, Bouvard V, Bianchini F, et al. Breast Cancer Screening - Viewpoint of the IARC Working Group. N Engl J Med. 2015; 372 (24): 2353-2358. doi: 10.1056/NEJMsr1504363.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Клинические рекомендации РООМ по скринингу рака молочной железы / под ред. Н.А. Захаровой, В.Ф. Семиглазова, Г.М. Манихас. Москва, 2015. 18 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Клинические рекомендации РООМ по скринингу рака молочной железы / под ред. Н.А. Захаровой, В.Ф. Семиглазова, Г.М. Манихас. Москва, 2015. 18 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Breast screening: programme overview - GOV.UK [Electronic resource]. URL: https://www.gov.uk/guidance/breastscreening-programme-overview (accessed 12/07/2018).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Breast screening: programme overview - GOV.UK [Electronic resource]. URL: https://www.gov.uk/guidance/breastscreening-programme-overview (accessed 12/07/2018).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oeffinger KC, Fontham ET, Etzioni R, Herzig A, Michaelson JS, Shih YC, et al. Breast cancer screening for women at average risk: 2015 guideline update from the American Cancer Society. JAMA. 2015; 314(15): 1599-15614. doi: 10.1001/ jama.2015.12783.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oeffinger KC, Fontham ET, Etzioni R, Herzig A, Michaelson JS, Shih YC, et al. Breast cancer screening for women at average risk: 2015 guideline update from the American Cancer Society. JAMA. 2015; 314(15): 1599-15614. doi: 10.1001/ jama.2015.12783.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sardanelli F, Aase HS, Álvarez M, Azavedo E, Baarslag HJ, Balleyguier C, et al. Position paper on screening for breast cancer by the European Society of Breast Imaging (EUSOBI) and 30 national breast radiology bodies from Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Israel, Lithuania, Moldova, The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and Turkey. Eur Radiol. 2017; 27 (7): 2737-2743. doi: 10.1007/s00330-016-4612-z.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sardanelli F, Aase HS, Álvarez M, Azavedo E, Baarslag HJ, Balleyguier C, et al. Position paper on screening for breast cancer by the European Society of Breast Imaging (EUSOBI) and 30 national breast radiology bodies from Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Israel, Lithuania, Moldova, The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and Turkey. Eur Radiol. 2017; 27 (7): 2737-2743. doi: 10.1007/s00330-016-4612-z.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kushi LH, Doyle C, McCullough M, Rock CL, DemarkWahnefried W, Bandera EV, et al. American Cancer Society Guidelines on nutrition and physical activity for cancer prevention: reducing the risk of cancer with healthy food choices and physical activity. CA Cancer J Clin. 2012. 62 (1): 30-67. doi: 10.3322/caac.20140.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kushi LH, Doyle C, McCullough M, Rock CL, DemarkWahnefried W, Bandera EV, et al. American Cancer Society Guidelines on nutrition and physical activity for cancer prevention: reducing the risk of cancer with healthy food choices and physical activity. CA Cancer J Clin. 2012. 62 (1): 30-67. doi: 10.3322/caac.20140.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сollaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer. Breast cancer and breastfeeding: collaborative reanalysis of individual data from 47 epidemiological studies in 30 countries, including 50302 women with breast cancer and 96973 women without the disease. Lancet. 2002; 360 (9328): 187-195.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Сollaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer. Breast cancer and breastfeeding: collaborative reanalysis of individual data from 47 epidemiological studies in 30 countries, including 50302 women with breast cancer and 96973 women without the disease. Lancet. 2002; 360 (9328): 187-195.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology [Electronic resource]. URL: https://www.nccn.org/patients/.(accessed 12/07/2018).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology [Electronic resource]. URL: https://www.nccn.org/patients/.(accessed 12/07/2018).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Practice Bulletin No. 164 Summary: Diagnosis and Management of Benign Breast Disorders. Obstet Gynecol. 2016; 127 (6):1181-1183.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Practice Bulletin No. 164 Summary: Diagnosis and Management of Benign Breast Disorders. Obstet Gynecol. 2016; 127 (6):1181-1183.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cuzick J, Sestak I, Bonanni B, Costantino JP, Cummings S, DeCensi A, et al. Selective oestrogen receptor modulators in prevention of breast cancer: an updated meta-analysis of individual participant data. Lancet. 2013; 381 (9880): 1827-1834. 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60140-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cuzick J, Sestak I, Bonanni B, Costantino JP, Cummings S, DeCensi A, et al. Selective oestrogen receptor modulators in prevention of breast cancer: an updated meta-analysis of individual participant data. Lancet. 2013; 381 (9880): 1827-1834. 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60140-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ludwig KK, Neuner J, Butler A, Geurts JL, Kong AL. Risk reduction and survival benefit of prophylactic surgery in BRCA mutation carriers, a systematic review. Am J Surg. 2016; 212(4): 660-669. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2016.06.010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ludwig KK, Neuner J, Butler A, Geurts JL, Kong AL. Risk reduction and survival benefit of prophylactic surgery in BRCA mutation carriers, a systematic review. Am J Surg. 2016; 212(4): 660-669. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2016.06.010.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
