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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">fcmedicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Фундаментальная и клиническая медицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Fundamental and Clinical Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2500-0764</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-0941</issn><publisher><publisher-name>КемГМУ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">fcmedicine-109</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ФАКТОРЫ РИСКА РАКА ЯИЧНИКА И ВОЗМОЖНЫЕ ПРЕВЕНТИВНЫЕ СТРАТЕГИИ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>RISK FACTORS OF OVARIAN CANCER AND POSSIBLE PREVENTIVE STRATEGIES</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карелина</surname><given-names>О. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karelina</surname><given-names>OLGA B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Артымук</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Artymuk</surname><given-names>NATALIA V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фетисова</surname><given-names>Т. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fetisova</surname><given-names>TATIANA I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Кемеровский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kemerovo State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>3</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>91</fpage><lpage>96</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Карелина О.Б., Артымук Н.В., Фетисова Т.И., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Карелина О.Б., Артымук Н.В., Фетисова Т.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Karelina O.B., Artymuk N.V., Fetisova  T.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fcm.kemsmu.ru/jour/article/view/109">https://fcm.kemsmu.ru/jour/article/view/109</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье приведены современные данные, имеющиеся в отечественной и зарубежной литературе, по диагностике, профилактике и дальнейшей тактике ведения пациенток с опухолями яичников. Рак яичников является одной из основных форм злокачественных новообразований женских половых органов. Значительные показатели летальности, отсутствие эффективных методов ранней диагностики и лечения делают рак яичников актуальной проблемой современной медицины. Основное внимание в статье уделено факторам риска развития рака яичников, таким, как масса тела, контрацепция, особенности родов и возраста начала половой жизни. Значимую роль в исходе и течении данного заболевания играет диагностический алгоритм, сроки выявления, стадия и морфологический тип опухоли. Симптоматика рака яичников не является специфичной, ранние стадии заболевания чаще всего бывают случайной находкой, что вызывает значительные затруднения для правильной постановки диагноза. В связи с этим выявление случаев рака яичников происходит на поздних стадиях, что существенно сокращает благоприятный исход. До настоящего времени меры профилактики не разработаны. Отсутствуют скрининговые методы выявления рака яичников, оказывающие влияние на смертность. В развитии наследственных злокачественных эпителиальных опухолей яичника определяющую роль играют герминальные мутации генов-супрессоров BRCA1 и BRCA2 . Выявление наследственной предрасположенности женщин к раку яичника, формирование групп высокого риска, определение носителей мутаций в генах BRCA1/2 может благоприятствовать выявлению рака яичников на ранних стадиях, определять прогноз заболевания и профилактику метастазирования.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Here we review the current data on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of ovarian cancer, one of the most prevalent genitourinary cancers characterized by high mortality and case fatality rates due to the lack of efficient screening and treatment approaches. Major risk factors of sporadic ovarian cancer include early menarche, late menopause, nulliparity, infertility, endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome, use of hormonal contraceptives after menopause, smoking, alcohol abuse, and overweight/obesity. Hereditary ovarian cancer is primarily related to BRCA1/2 mutations and polymorphisms. Progression and outcome of ovarian cancer are largely defined by tumor stage and grade at diagnosis. Importantly, signs and symptoms of ovarian cancer are not specific, and early diagnosis frequently represents an accidental finding. Hence, ovarian cancer is mainly diagnosed at the late stage that significantly affects both overall and disease-free survival. To date, there are no evidence-based screening methods for early detection of ovarian cancer. We propose that implementation of routine genetic testing for BRCA1/2 mutations and polymorphisms in women with family history of ovarian cancer may improve early diagnosis and survival rates.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак яичников</kwd><kwd>скрининг</kwd><kwd>профилактика</kwd><kwd>BRCA1</kwd><kwd>BRCA2</kwd><kwd>ovarian cancer</kwd><kwd>screening</kwd><kwd>prevention</kwd><kwd>BRCA1</kwd><kwd>BRCA2</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аксель Е.М. Статистика злокачественных новообразований женской половой сферы // Онкогинекология. 2012. № 1. С. 18-23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Аксель Е.М. Статистика злокачественных новообразований женской половой сферы // Онкогинекология. 2012. № 1. 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