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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">fcmedicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Фундаментальная и клиническая медицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Fundamental and Clinical Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2500-0764</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-0941</issn><publisher><publisher-name>КемГМУ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23946/2500-0764-2025-10-4-66-78</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">fcmedicine-1107</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EPIDEMIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Инфекции, связанные с оказанием медицинской помощи, у пациентов с острым нарушением мозгового кровообращения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Healthcare-associated infections in patients with acute cerebrovascular accident</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4975-8795</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гридина</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gridina</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гридина Анна Александровна, аспирант кафедры эпидемиологии и инфекционных болезней, заведующий эпидемиологическим отделом, врач-эпидемиолог</p><p>ул. Ворошилова 22А, г. Кемерово, 650056, Россия</p><p>бульвар имени академика Л. С. Барбараша, 6, г.  Кемерово, 650002, Россия </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna A. Gridina, MD, PhD Student, Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Diseases; Head of the Epidemiological Department</p><p>22А, Voroshilov Street, Kemerovo, 650056, Russia </p><p>Academician L. S. Barbarash Boulevard, 6, Kemerovo, 650002, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">grad7908@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3963-0144</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Агеевец</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ageevets</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Агеевец Владимир Андреевич, кандидат биологических наук, научный сотрудник научно-исследовательского отдела медицинской микробиологии и молекулярной эпидемиологии</p><p>ул. профессора Попова, д.9, г. Санкт-Петербург, 197022, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir A. Ageevets, Cand. Sci. (Biology), research Department of Medical Microbiology and Molecular Epidemiology</p><p>9 Prof. Popov Street, St. Petersburg, 197022, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4649-2947</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макаров</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarov</surname><given-names>S. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Макаров Сергей Анатольевич, доктор медицинских наук, главный врач</p><p>бульвар имени академика Л. С. Барбараша, 6, г. Кемерово, 650002, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey А. Makarov, MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Chief Physician</p><p>Academician L. S. Barbarash Boulevard, 6, Kemerovo, 650002, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7750-3940</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ефремова</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Efremova</surname><given-names>N. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ефремова Наталья Александровна, врач-бактериолог</p><p>бульвар имени академика Л. С. Барбараша, 6, г. Кемерово, 650002, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalya А. Efremova, MD, bacteriologist</p><p>Academician L. S. Barbarash Boulevard, 6, Kemerovo, 650002, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7458-0621</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сахарова</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sakharova</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сахарова Вера Михайловна, врач-бактериолог</p><p>бульвар имени академика Л. С. Барбараша, 6, г. Кемерово, 650002, Россия</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vera M. Sakharova, MD, bacteriologist</p><p>Academician L. S. Barbarash Boulevard, 6, Kemerovo, 650002, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кемеровский государственный медицинский университет; Кузбасский клинический кардиологический диспансер имени академика Л. С. Барбараша</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kemerovo State Medical University; Clinical Cardiology Dispensary named after Academician L. S. Barbarash</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Детский научно-клинический центр инфекционных болезней</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Paediatric Research and Clinical Centre for Infectious Diseases</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кузбасский клинический кардиологический диспансер имени академика Л. С. Барбараша</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Clinical Cardiology Dispensary named after Academician L. S. Barbarash</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>66</fpage><lpage>78</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гридина А.А., Агеевец В.А., Макаров С.А., Ефремова Н.А., Сахарова В.М., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гридина А.А., Агеевец В.А., Макаров С.А., Ефремова Н.А., Сахарова В.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gridina A.A., Ageevets V.A., Makarov S.А., Efremova N.А., Sakharova V.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fcm.kemsmu.ru/jour/article/view/1107">https://fcm.kemsmu.ru/jour/article/view/1107</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель. Изучить проявления эпидемического процесса инфекций, связанных с оказанием медицинской помощи, у пациентов с острым нарушением мозгового кровообращения. Материалы и методы. Выполнено описательное сплошное ретроспективное одноцентровое исследование оценки частоты и интенсивности эпидемического процесса ИСМП у пациентов с ОНМК (n = 1015) за период с 2019 по 2025 гг. В целях установления доминирующей микробиоты и анализа резистентности возбудителей ИСМП к антибиотикам проведены микробиологические исследования классическим бактериологическим методом более 1300 изолятов микроорганизмов, выделенных из разных биологических материалов (мокрота, кровь, моча, спинномозговая жидкость и др.) пациентов, получающих стационарное лечение. Для 21 изолята Klebsiella pneumoniae были определены гены-маркеры гипервирулентности: ген аэробактина – iucA, ген регулятора мукоидного фенотипа – rmpA2, а также гены резистентности – OXA-48 (blaOXA–48). Все случаи ИСМП классифицированы согласно стандартным эпидемиологическим определениям случая. Результаты. Плотность инцидентности ИСМП составила 20,52 [20,40−20,64] случаев и 29,89 [29,86−29,92] эпизодов на 1000 пациенто-дней. Плотность инцидентности вентилятор-ассоциированных пневмоний (ВАП) 52,53 [52,52−52,54] на 1000 дней искусственной вентиляции легких, катетер-ассоциированных инфекций кровотока (КАИК) ‒ 2,55 [2,52‒2,58] на 1000 дней катетеризации, катетер-ассоциированных инфекций мочевыводящих путей ‒ 18,84 [18,81‒18,87] на 1000 катетеро-дней, частота инфекций области хирургического вмешательства составила 87,92 [87,79−88,05] на 1000 операций. В структуре возбудителей ИСМП преобладали Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Candida albicans, удельный вес которых составил 28,15 %, 20,08 % и 13,81 % соответственно. Экстремальной резистентностью (XDR) обладали 82,09 % изолятов Klebsiella pneumoniae и 52,67 % штаммов Acinetobacter baumannii. Получены данные о высоком уровне распространенности генов-маркеров гипервирулентности изолятов Klebsiella pneumoniae (HvKp), а именно − ген аэробактина iucA (95,24 %), ген регулятора мукоидного фенотипа rmpA2 (100 %), изоляты, обладающие гипермукоидным (положительный стринг-тест) фенотипом Hm (38,09 %) и ген устойчивости к карбапенемным антибиотикам – ген карбапенемазы OXA-48 (80,95 %). Заключение. Эпидемический процесс ИСМП у пациентов с ОНМК характеризуется высокой частотой и интенсивностью проявлений. В этиологической структуре максимальное значение имели: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii и Candida albicans. 82,09 % штаммов Klebsiella pneumoniae и 52,67 % Acinetobacter baumannii обладали свойствами экстремальной резистентности (XDR). Описаны изоляты Klebsiella pneumoniae, одновременно несущие гены-маркеры гипервирулентности и гены карбапенемаз, демонстрирующие гипермукоидный фенотип. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Aim. To study the manifestations of the epidemic process of healthcare-associated infections in patients with acute cerebrovascular accident. Materials and methods. A descriptive, continuous, retrospective, single-center analytical study was performed to assess the frequency and intensity of the HAI epidemic process in patients with ACA (n = 1015) For the period from 2019 to 2025, in order to establish the dominant microflora and analyze the resistance of pathogens of HAIs of different localization to antibiotics, microbiological studies were carried out using the classical bacteriological method of more than 1300 isolates of microorganisms isolated from different biological materials (sputum, blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, etc.) of patients receiving inpatient treatment. For 21 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, hypervirulence marker genes were analyzed: the aerobactin gene − iucA, the mucoid phenotype regulator gene − rmpA2, as well as resistance genes − the main carbapenemases (OXA-48). All HAI cases are classified according to standard epidemiological case definitions. Results. The incidence density of HAI averaged 20,52 [20,40−20,64] cases and 29,89 [29,86−29,92] episodes per 1000 patient-days. Incidence density of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) 52,53 [52,52−52,54] per 1,000 days of mechanical ventilation, central line bloodstream infection (CLABSI) 2,55 [2,52−2,58] per 1,000 days of catheterization, catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) 18,84 [18,81−18,87] per 1,000 days of cathetero-infections, incidence of surgical site infection (SSI) was 87,92 [87,79−88,05] per 1000 operations. The structure of HAI pathogens was dominated by Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Candida albicans, whose specific gravity was 28,15 %, 20,08 % and 13.81 %, respectively. Extensively drug-resistant (XDR) was exhibited by 82,09 % of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates and 52,67 % of Acinetobacter baumannii strains. There are data on a high prevalence of hypervirulence marker genes of Klebsiella pneumoniae (HvKp) isolates, namely, the aerobactin iucA gene (95.24 %), the mucoid phenotype regulator gene rmpA2 (100 %), isolates having a hypermucoid (positive stringing test) Hm phenotype (38.09 %) and carbapenem antibiotic resistance gene − carbapenemase OXA-48 gene (80.95 %). Conclusion. The epidemic process of HAI in patients with ACA is characterized by a high frequency and intensity of manifestations. In the etiological structure, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii and Candida albicans were of maximum importance. 82,09 % of Klebsiella pneumoniae and 52,67 % of Acinetobacter baumannii strains had extreme resistance properties (XDR). Isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae simultaneously carrying hypervirulence marker genes and carbapenemase genes exhibiting a hypermucoid phenotype are described.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>острое нарушение мозгового кровообращения</kwd><kwd>инфекции</kwd><kwd>связанные с оказанием медицинской помощи</kwd><kwd>Klebsiella pneumoniae</kwd><kwd>Acinetobacter baumannii</kwd><kwd>антибиотикорезистентность</kwd><kwd>гипервирулентность</kwd><kwd>гипермукоидный фенотип</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cerebrovascular disease</kwd><kwd>healthcare-associated infection</kwd><kwd>Klebsiella pneumoniae</kwd><kwd>Acinetobacter baumannii</kwd><kwd>antibiotic resistance</kwd><kwd>hypervirulence</kwd><kwd>hypermucoid phenotype</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Feigin V.L., Brainin M., Norrving B., Martins S.O., Pandian J., Lindsay P., et al. 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