<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">fcmedicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Фундаментальная и клиническая медицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Fundamental and Clinical Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2500-0764</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-0941</issn><publisher><publisher-name>КемГМУ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23946/2500-0764-2026-11-1-5-14</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">fcmedicine-1148</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПАТОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ФИЗИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PATHOPHYSIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эндотелиальные клетки артериальной и венозной крови у пациентов с разными формами ишемической болезни сердца как возможный показатель устойчивости морфофункциональной системы кондуит-артерия</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Endothelial cells of arterial and venous blood in patients with various forms of coronary heart disease as a possible indicator of sustainability the morphofunctional system of the conduit artery</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1746-8895</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фролов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Frolov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фролов Алексей Витальевич, доктор медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории рентгенэндоваскулярной и реконструктивной хирургии сердца и сосудов отдела хирургии сердца и сосудов</p><p>бульвар имени академика Л.С. Барбараша, д. 6, г. Кемерово, 650002 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Alexey V. Frolov, MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Leading Researcher, Laboratory for Endovascular and Reconstructive Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery</p><p>Barbarash Boulevard, 6, Kemerovo, 650002 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kjerne@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4146-3373</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Матвеева</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Matveeva</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Матвеева Вера Геннадьевна, кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточных технологий отдела экспериментальной медицины</p><p>бульвар имени академика Л.С. Барбараша, д. 6, г. Кемерово, 650002 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Vera G. Matveeva, MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Senior Researcher, Laboratory for Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Experimental Medicine</p><p>Barbarash Boulevard, 6, Kemerovo, 650002 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0683-991X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Торгунакова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Torgunakova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Торгунакова Евгения Александровна, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточных технологий отдела экспериментальной медицины </p><p>бульвар имени академика Л.С. Барбараша, д. 6, г. Кемерово, 650002</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Evgenia A. Torgunakova, MSc, Laboratory for Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Experimental Medicine</p><p>Barbarash Boulevard, 6, Kemerovo, 650002 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9732-8218</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нишонов</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nishonov</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нишонов Аслидин Бахтиьёрович, кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории рентгенэндоваскулярной и реконструктивной хирургии сердца и сосудов отдела хирургии сердца и сосудов</p><p>бульвар имени академика Л.С. Барбараша, д. 6, г. Кемерово, 650002</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Aslidin B. Nishonov, MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Senior researcher, Laboratory for Endovascular and Reconstructive Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery</p><p>Barbarash Boulevard, 6, Kemerovo, 650002 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3882-709X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тарасов</surname><given-names>Р. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tarasov</surname><given-names>R. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тарасов Роман Сергеевич, доктор медицинских наук, заведующий лабораторией рентгенэндоваскулярной и реконструктивной хирургии сердца и сосудов отдела хирургии сердца и сосудов</p><p>бульвар имени академика Л.С. Барбараша, д. 6, г. Кемерово, 650002</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Roman S. Tarasov, MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Head of the Laboratory for Endovascular and Reconstructive Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery</p><p>Barbarash Boulevard, 6, Kemerovo, 650002 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8679-4857</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кутихин</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kutikhin</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кутихин Антон Геннадьевич, доктор медицинских наук, заведующий отделом экспериментальной медицины</p><p>бульвар имени академика Л.С. Барбараша, д. 6, г. Кемерово, 650002</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Anton G. Kutikhin, MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Head of the Department of Experimental Medicine</p><p>Barbarash Boulevard, 6, Kemerovo, 650002 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>14</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Фролов А.В., Матвеева В.Г., Торгунакова Е.А., Нишонов А.Б., Тарасов Р.С., Кутихин А.Г., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Фролов А.В., Матвеева В.Г., Торгунакова Е.А., Нишонов А.Б., Тарасов Р.С., Кутихин А.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Frolov A.V., Matveeva V.G., Torgunakova E.A., Nishonov A.B., Tarasov R.S., Kutikhin A.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fcm.kemsmu.ru/jour/article/view/1148">https://fcm.kemsmu.ru/jour/article/view/1148</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Провести оценку количества, качественного состава и пролиферативного потенциала эндотелиальных клеток крови, забранной из коронарной артерии (КА), внутренней грудной артерии (ВГА), лучевой артерии (ЛА) и венозного русла у пациентов с ОКС и хронической ИБС.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В работе были исследованы восемь биологических образцов крови, полученных от двух пациентов-мужчин: 72 лет с ОКС и 63 лет со стабильной ИБС. У каждого пациента забирали по 20 мл венозной крови из кубитальной вены и по 20 мл артериальной — из внутренней грудной, лучевой и коронарной артерий. Из крови выделяли мононуклеарную фракцию, подсчитывали клетки и культивировали их in vitro. Результаты. В течение 26 суток культивирования проводили подсчёт клеток во флаконах. Наибольшая пролиферативная активность КФЭК отмечена у пациента с ОКС: время удвоения популяции (PDT) оставило 2,17 суток для клеток, выделенных из крови КА, и 2,38 суток — из ВГА. У пациента с хронической ИБС PDT КФЭК, полученных из венозной крови, было выше — 2,54 суток. Наибольшая концентрация КФЭК зарегистрирована у пациента с ОКС в крови инфаркт-связанной КА.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Анализ эндотелиальных клеток, выделенных из крови КА и кондуитных сосудов при КШ, показал различия, зависящие от формы ИБС. У пациента с ОКС отмечено сходство характеристик и роста ЭК КА и ВГА, что может отражать однонаправленность репаративных процессов и повышенную устойчивость МФС кондуит-артерия при использовании данных аутоартериальных графтов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To conduct an assessment of the quantity, qualitative composition, and proliferative potential of blood ECs taken from the coronary artery (CA), internal mammary artery (IMA), radial artery (RA), and venous bed in patients with ASC and IHD.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study examined eight biological blood samples obtained from two male patients: a 72-year-old with ACS and a 63-year-old with stable IHD. Each patient had 20 ml of venous blood obtained from the cubital vein and 20 ml of arterial blood obtained from the internal thoracic, radial, and coronary arteries. The mononuclear fraction was isolated from the blood, the cells were counted, cultured in vitro.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. During 26 days of cultivation, cells in the vials were counted. The highest proliferative activity of ECFC was observed in a patient with ACS: the doubling time of the population was 2.17 days for cells isolated from blood of CA and 2.38 days for cells isolated from blood of IMA. In a patient with chronic IHD, the doubling time of ECFC cells obtained from venous blood was higher – 2.54 days. The highest concentration of ECFC was detected in a patient with ACS in the blood of the infarct-related artery.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. An analysis of endothelial cells isolated from the blood of CA and conductive vessels in CS revealed differences depending on the form of IHD. In patients with ACS, similarities in the characteristics and growth of CA and IMA ECs were noted, which may reflect the unidirectionality of reparative processes and increased stability of the MFS of conduit arteries when using these autoarterial grafts.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эндотелиальные клетки</kwd><kwd>артериальная и венозная кровь</kwd><kwd>коронарная артерия</kwd><kwd>кондуиты</kwd><kwd>ишемическая болезнь сердца</kwd><kwd>морфофункциональная система кондуит-артерия</kwd><kwd>коронарное шунтирование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>endothelial cells</kwd><kwd>arterial and venous blood</kwd><kwd>coronary artery</kwd><kwd>conduits</kwd><kwd>coronary heart disease</kwd><kwd>conduit-artery morphofunctional system</kwd><kwd>coronary bypass surgery</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках фундаментальной научной темы № 0419-2022-0002 «Разработка инновационных моделей управления риском развития болезней системы кровообращения с учетом коморбидности на основе изучения фундаментальных, клинических, эпидемиологических механизмов и организационных технологий медицинской помощи в условиях промышленного региона Сибири» (научный руководитель – академик РАН О.Л. Барбараш). № госрегистрации 122012000364-5 от 20.01.2022.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation for Basic Research grant No. 0419-2022-0002 “Development of innovative models for managing the risk of cardiovascular disease, taking into account comorbidity, based on the study of fundamental, clinical, and epidemiological mechanisms and organizational technologies of medical care in the industrial region of Siberia” (scientific supervisor – Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences O.L. Barbarash). State registration number 122012000364-5 dated January 20, 2022.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фролов А. В. Морфофункциональная система кондуит-артерия: клинико-патофизиологическая концепция как основа эффективности аутоартериального коронарного шунтирования: дис. … док. мед. наук. Кемерово, 2023. 388 с</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Frolov AV. Morfofunkcional'naya sistema konduit-arteriya: kliniko-patofiziologicheskaya koncepciya kak osnova effektivnosti autoarterial'nogo koronarnogo shuntirovaniya: dis. … dok. med. nauk. Kemerovo, 2023. 388 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Panagiotopoulos I., Leivaditis V., Sawafta A., Katinioti A., Tasios K., Garantzioti V. et al. The choice of conduits in coronary artery bypass surgery. Arch. Med. Sci. Atheroscler. Dis. 2023;30;8:e83–e88. https://doi.org/10.5114/amsad/170215</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Panagiotopoulos I, Leivaditis V, Sawafta A, Katinioti A, Tasios K, Garantzioti V, et al. The choice of conduits in coronary artery bypass surgery. Arch Med Sci Atheroscler Dis. 2023;30;8:e83–e88. https://doi.org/10.5114/amsad/170215</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фролов А. В. Морфофункциональная система кондуит-артерия при остром коронарном синдроме. Комплексные проблемы сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. 2025;14(4):123–134. https://doi.org/10.17802/2306-1278-2025-14-4-123-134</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Frolov AV. Morphofunctional system conduit-artery in acute coronary syndrome. Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases. 2025;14(4):123-134. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17802/2306-1278-2025-14-4-123-134</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kakar H., Groenland F. T. W., Elscot J. J., Rinaldi R., Scoccia A., Kardys I., et al. CT-LIFE Study Collaborators. Cognitive training for reduction of delirium in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw. Open. 2024;7(4):e247361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2023.03.005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kakar H, Groenland FTW, Elscot JJ, Rinaldi R, Scoccia A, Kardys I, et al. CT-LIFE Study Collaborators. Cognitive training for reduction of delirium in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw. Open. 2024;7(4):e247361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2023.03.005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">He G. W., Taggart D. P. Spasm in Arterial Grafts in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 2016;101(3):1222–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2015.09.071</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">He GW, Taggart DP. Spasm in Arterial Grafts in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery. Ann Thorac Surg. 2016;101(3):1222–1229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2015.09.071</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shadrin I. Y., Holmes D. R., Behfar A. Left Internal Mammary Artery as an Endocrine Organ: Insights Into Graft Biology and Long-term Impact Following Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting. Mayo Clin. Proc. 2023;98(1):150–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2022.10.003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shadrin IY, Holmes DR, Behfar A. Left Internal Mammary Artery as an Endocrine Organ: Insights Into Graft Biology and Long-term Impact Following Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting. Mayo Clin Proc. 2023;98(1):150–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2022.10.003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Deidda M., Piras C., Binaghi G., Congia D., Pani A., Boi A., et al. Metabolomic fingerprint of coronary blood in STEMI patients depends on the ischemic time and inflammatory state. Sci. Rep. 2019;9(1):312. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-36415-y</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Deidda M, Piras C, Binaghi G, Congia D, Pani A, Boi A, et al. Metabolomic fingerprint of coronary blood in STEMI patients depends on the ischemic time and inflammatory state. Sci. Rep. 2019;9(1):312. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-36415-y</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sesorova I. S., Bedyaev E. V., Vavilov P. S., Levin S. L., Mironov A. A. Regeneration of Vascular Endothelium in Different Large Vessels. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025;26(2):837. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26020837</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sesorova IS, Bedyaev EV, Vavilov PS, Levin SL, Mironov AA. Regeneration of Vascular Endothelium in Different Large Vessels. Int J Mol Sci. 2025;26(2):837. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26020837</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ingram D. A., Mead L. E., Tanaka H., Meade V., Fenoglio A., Mortell K., et al. Identification of a novel hierarchy of endothelial progenitor cells using human peripheral and umbilical cord blood. Blood. 2004;104(9):2752–2760. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2004-04-1396</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ingram DA, Mead LE, Tanaka H, Meade V, Fenoglio A, Mortell K, et al. Identification of a novel hierarchy of endothelial progenitor cells using human peripheral and umbilical cord blood. Blood. 2004;104(9):2752– 2760. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2004-04-1396</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kalies K., Knöpp K., Wurmbrand L., Korte L., Dutzmann J., Pilowski C., et al. Isolation of circulating endothelial cells provides tool to determine endothelial cell senescence in blood samples. Sci. Rep. 2024;14(1):4271. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-54455-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kalies K, Knöpp K, Wurmbrand L, Korte L, Dutzmann J, Pilowski C, et al. Isolation of circulating endothelial cells provides tool to determine endothelial cell senescence in blood samples. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):4271. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-54455-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Melero-Martin J.M. Human Endothelial Colony-Forming Cells. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med. 2022;12(12):a041154. https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a041154</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Melero-Martin JM. Human Endothelial Colony-Forming Cells. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2022;12(12):a041154. https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a041154</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Poduri A., Chang A. H., Raftrey B., Rhee S., Van M., Red-Horse K. Endothelial cells respond to the direction of mechanical stimuli through SMAD signaling to regulate coronary artery size. Development. 2017;144(18):3241–3252. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.150904</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Poduri A, Chang AH, Raftrey B, Rhee S, Van M, Red-Horse K. Endothelial cells respond to the direction of mechanical stimuli through SMAD signaling to regulate coronary artery size. Development. 2017;144(18):3241–3252. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.150904</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Capasso T. L., Li B., Volek H. J., Khalid W., Rochon E. R., Anbalagan A., et al. BMP10-mediated ALK1 signaling is continuously required for vascular development and maintenance. Angiogenesis. 2020;23(2):203–220. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10456-019-09701-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Capasso TL, Li B, Volek HJ, Khalid W, Rochon ER, Anbalagan A, et al. BMP10-mediated ALK1 signaling is continuously required for vascular development and maintenance. Angiogenesis. 2020;23(2):203–220. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10456-019-09701-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Frolov A., Lobov A., Kabilov M., Zainullina B., Tupikin A., Shishkova D., et al. Multi-Omics Profiling of Human Endothelial Cells from the Coronary Artery and Internal Thoracic Artery Reveals Molecular but Not Functional Heterogeneity. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023;24(19):15032. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241915032</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Frolov A, Lobov A, Kabilov M, Zainullina B, Tupikin A, Shishkova D, et al. Multi-Omics Profiling of Human Endothelial Cells from the Coronary Artery and Internal Thoracic Artery Reveals Molecular but Not Functional Heterogeneity. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(19):15032. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241915032</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gaudino M., Antoniades C., Benedetto U., Deb S., Di Franco A., Di Giammarco G., et al. Mechanisms, Consequences, and Prevention of Coronary Graft Failure. Circulation. 2017;136(18):1749–1764. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.027597</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gaudino M, Antoniades C, Benedetto U, Deb S, Di Franco A, Di Giammarco G, et al. Mechanisms, Consequences, and Prevention of Coronary Graft Failure. Circulation. 2017;136(18):1749–1764. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.027597</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marsh N., Webster J., Ullman A. J., Mihala G., Cooke M., Chopra V., et al. Peripheral intravenous catheter non-infectious complications in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Adv. Nurs. 2020;76(12):3346–3362. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14565</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marsh N, Webster J, Ullman AJ, Mihala G, Cooke M, Chopra V, et al. Peripheral intravenous catheter non-infectious complications in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Adv Nurs. 2020;76(12):3346– 3362. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.14565</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abrashev H., Abrasheva D., Nikolov N., Ananiev J., Georgieva E. A Systematic Review of Endothelial Dysfunction in Chronic Venous Disease-Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Shear Stress. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025;26(8):3660. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26083660</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abrashev H, Abrasheva D, Nikolov N, Ananiev J, Georgieva E. A Systematic Review of Endothelial Dysfunction in Chronic Venous Disease-Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Shear Stress. Int J Mol Sci. 2025;26(8):3660. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26083660</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Purohit M., Dunning J. Do coronary artery bypass grafts using cephalic veins have a satisfactory patency? Interact. Cardiovasc. Thorac. Surg. 2007;6(2):251–254. https://doi.org/10.1510/icvts.2006.149104</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Purohit M, Dunning J. Do coronary artery bypass grafts using cephalic veins have a satisfactory patency? Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2007;6(2):251–254. https://doi.org/10.1510/icvts.2006.149104</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
