fcmedicineФундаментальная и клиническая медицинаFundamental and Clinical Medicine2500-07642542-0941КемГМУ10.23946/2500-0764-2026-11-2-49-57fcmedicine-1203Research ArticleКАРДИОЛОГИЯCARDIOLOGYАспекты применения мультизадачного тренинга у пациентов кардиохирургического профиляAspects of using multitasking training in patients with cardiac surgerhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0381-5742ТемниковаТ. Б.TemnikovaТ. B.

Темникова Татьяна Борисовна, кандидат медицинских наук, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории нейрососудистой патологии; старший преподаватель кафедры кардиологии и сердечно-сосудистой хирургии

бульвар имени академика Л.С. Барбараша, д. 6, г. Кемерово, 650002ул. Ворошилова, д. 22А, г. Кемерово, 650056

 

Dr. Тatyana B. Temnikova, MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Junior Research Assistant, Laboratory of Neurovascular Pathology, Senior Lecturer of the Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery

Barbarash Boulevard, 6, Kemerovo, 650002Voroshilova Street, 22A, Kemerovo, 650056

 

t.13.ermakova@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8260-8033ТрубниковаО. А.TrubnikovaO. A.

Трубникова Ольга Александровна, доктор медицинских наук, заведующая лабораторией нейрососудистой патологии

бульвар имени академика Л.С. Барбараша, д. 6, г. Кемерово, 650002

Dr. Olga A. Trubnikova, MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Head of the Laboratory for Neurovascular Pathology, Department of Clinical Cardiology

Barbarash Boulevard, 6, Kemerovo, 650002

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4642-3610БарбарашО. Л.BarbarashO. L.

Барбараш Ольга Леонидовна, академик РАН, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой кардиологии и сердечно-сосудистой хирургии

бульвар имени академика Л.С. Барбараша, д. 6, г. Кемерово, 650002ул. Ворошилова, д. 22А, г. Кемерово, 650056

 

Prof. Olga L. Barbarash, MD, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, Director

Barbarash Boulevard, 6, Kemerovo, 650002Voroshilova Street, 22A, Kemerovo, 650056

 

Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний; Кемеровский государственный медицинский университетРоссияResearch Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases; Kemerovo State Medical UniversityRussian FederationНаучно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеванийРоссияResearch Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular DiseasesRussian Federation2026240620261124957Copyright © Темникова Т.Б., Трубникова О.А., Барбараш О.Л., 20262026Темникова Т.Б., Трубникова О.А., Барбараш О.Л.Temnikova Т.B., Trubnikova O.A., Barbarash O.L.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://fcm.kemsmu.ru/jour/article/view/1203

Цель. Провести аналитический обзор современных данных, касающихся послеоперационной когнитивной дисфункции (ПОКД) у пациентов кардиохирургического профиля, и оценить потенциал мультизадачных тренингов как способа когнитивной реабилитации.Материалы и методы. Для этого систематического обзора был выполнен поиск современных отечественных и зарубежных литературных источников в базах данных PubMed, Google Scholar, CyberLeninka, eLibrary, включая оригинальные исследования, систематические обзоры и мета-анализы, посвященные патогенезу, диагностике, факторам риска ПОКД и методам когнитивной реабилитации, с акцентом на компьютерные мультизадачные тренинги, в том числе с использованием технологий виртуальной реальности (VR).Результаты. Проанализирован патогенез взаимодействия сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний и когнитивных расстройств, выявлены ключевые факторы риска развития ПОКД. Показано, что современные подходы к реабилитации, в частности мультизадачные тренинги (метод «двойных задач») и VR-технологии, обладают значительным потенциалом. Они способствуют стимуляции нейропластичности, активации обширных нейронных сетей, улучшению когнитивных функций (внимания, памяти, управляющих функций) и могут снижать частоту и выраженность ПОКД. Приведены данные исследований, демонстрирующие нейрофизиологические и биохимические улучшения (например, повышение уровня BDNF) у пациентов после прохождения таких тренингов.Заключение. Применение мультизадачного тренинга, особенно в формате компьютерных программ и с использованием технологий виртуальной реальности, является перспективным нефармакологическим персонализированным подходом к профилактике и коррекции ПОКД у кардиохирургических пациентов. Для широкого внедрения в клиническую практику необходима разработка унифицированных протоколов и проведение дальнейших исследований.

Aim. Conduct an analytical review of current evidence regarding postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in cardiac patients and evaluate the potential of multitasking trainings as a way of cognitive rehabilitation.Materials and methods. For this systematic review, contemporary domestic and foreign literature sources were searched in PubMed, Google Scholar, CyberLeninka, eLibrary databases, including original studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses addressing pathogenesis, diagnosis, POCD risk factors, and cognitive rehabilitation techniques, with a focus on computer-based multitasking trainings, including those with using virtual reality (VR) technologies.Results. The pathogenesis of the interaction of cardiovascular diseases and cognitive disorders was analyzed, key risk factors for the development of POKD were identified. It has been shown that modern approaches to rehabilitation, in particular multitasking trainings (the method of "double tasks") and VR technologies, have significant potential. They contribute to the stimulation of neuroplasticity, activation of extensive neural networks, improvement of cognitive functions (attention, memory, control functions) and can reduce the frequency and severity of POKD. Data from studies demonstrating neurophysiological and biochemical improvements (e.g., increased BDNF) in patients following such trainings are presented.Conclusion. The use of multitasking training, especially in the format of computer programs and the use of virtual reality technologies, is a promising non-pharmacological personalized approach to the prevention and correction of POCD in cardiac patients. For widespread implementation in clinical practice, the development of unified protocols and further research are necessary.

послеоперационная когнитивная дисфункциямногозадачное обучениекогнитивная реабилитацияаортокоронарное шунтированиеpostoperative cognitive dysfunctionmultitask trainingcognitive rehabilitationcoronary artery bypass graftingРабота выполнена в рамках фундаментальной темы НИИ КПССЗ № 0419-2022-0002 «Разработка инновационных моделей управления риском развития болезней системы кровообращения с учетом коморбидности на основе изучения фундаментальных, клинических, эпидемиологических механизмов и организационных технологий медицинской помощи в условиях промышленного региона Сибири» (№ госрегистрации 122012000364-5 от 20.01.2022).The study was supported within the framework of the Fundamental Topic of the Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases No.0419-2022-0002 entitled "Development of innovative models for management of cardiovascular diseases risk factors and comorbidities based on the study of fundamental, clinical and epidemiological mechanisms and healthcare management techniques in the industrial region of Siberia"(state registration number 122012000364-5 dated 20.01.2022).ReferencesБойцов С.А., Проваторов С.И. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.