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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">fcmedicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Фундаментальная и клиническая медицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Fundamental and Clinical Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2500-0764</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-0941</issn><publisher><publisher-name>КемГМУ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23946/2500-0764-2026-11-2-76-87</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">fcmedicine-1206</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МИКРОБИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MICROBIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Современные представления о кишечном археоме человека (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modern understanding of the human gut archeoum (narrative review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3475-9125</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захарова</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharova</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Захарова Юлия Викторовна, доктор медицинских наук, доцент, профессор кафедры микробиологии и вирусологии</p><p>ул. Ворошилова, д. 22А, г. Кемерово, 650056</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Prof. Yuliyа V. Zakharova, MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor of the Department of Microbiology and Virology</p><p>Voroshilova Street, 22A, Kemerovo, 650056</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yvz@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кемеровский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kemerovo State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>76</fpage><lpage>87</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Захарова Ю.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Захарова Ю.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zakharova Y.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fcm.kemsmu.ru/jour/article/view/1206">https://fcm.kemsmu.ru/jour/article/view/1206</self-uri><abstract><p>В обзоре представлены современные сведения о микроорганизмах домена Archaea как части микробиома кишечника человека. В желудочно-кишечном тракте человека обнаружены 20 видов архей, самыми распространенными являются Methanobrevibacter smithii, обнаружен у 95,7−100 % людей, Methanosphaera stadtmanae – у 29,4 % и Methanomassiliicoccus luminyensis – у 4 %. Видовая структура архей зависит от возраста, наибольшее разнообразие наблюдается у людей в 25−60 лет. Первичным источником колонизации новорожденных археями являются кишечный микробиом и грудное молоко матери.</p><p>Кишечные археи являются гидрогенотрофами, не способными расщеплять гликозиды, связанные положительными синтрофными связями с бактериями родов Bacteroides, Prevotella, Ruminococcus, конкурирующими с представителями семейства Desulfovibrionaceae, что указывает на их значительный вклад в регулирование кишечной микробиоты.</p><p>Приводятся противоречивые данные о клинической значимости архей кишечного микробиома. Метан, как продукт метаболизма архей, регулирует систему «Keap1-Nrf2», обеспечивающую эндогенную антиоксидантную защиту. Некоторые археи способны использовать проатерогенные молекулы триметиламина в качестве акцептора электронов, снижая риски развития атеросклероза. Однако установлена связь архей с развитием рака кишечника, с нарушениями моторики, с запорами. Существуют данные о связи архей с метаболическими нарушениями: Methanobrevibacter smithii способен через потребление водорода активировать липогенез, а также изменять толерантность к глюкозе. Показана роль архей в развитии инфекционного миокардита, заболеваний мочевыводящих путей. Приводятся данные о чувствительности архей к антибиотикам.</p><p>Ввиду повышения внимания к кишечному археому описаны методы изучения метаногенных архей у человека. Основными являются молекулярно-генетические и культуральный методы, но последние требуют сложных питательных сред и особых атмосферных условий культивирования. Приведены данные о депонированных штаммах архей в различных коллекциях микроорганизмов.</p><p>Таким образом, исследования археома кишечной микробиоты человека имеют далеко идущие перспективы, как в дальнейшей оценке роли архей для здоровья человека, так и в разработке новых методов диагностики, лечения и профилактики микробиом-ассоциированных патологических состояний человека.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The review presents current information about representatives of the domain Archaea, as part of the human gut microbiome. In the human gastrointestinal tract, 20 species of archaea have been found, the most common are Methanobrevibacter smithii, found in 95.7−100 % of people, Methanosphaera stadtmanae – in 29.4 % and Methanomassiliicoccus luminyensis – in 4 % of people. The species composition of archaea depends on age, with the highest diversity observed in individuals aged 25−60 years. The primary source of archaea colonization in newborns is the intestinal microbiome and the mother's breast milk.</p><p>Intestinal archaea are hydrogenotrophs that are unable to break down glycosides and have positive syntrophic relationships with bacteria of the genera Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Ruminococcus, which compete with members of the Desulfovibrionaceae family, indicating their significant contribution to the regulation of the intestinal microbiota.</p><p>There is conflicting evidence about the clinical significance of archaea in the gut microbiome. Methane, a metabolite of archaea, regulates the Keap1-Nrf2 system, which provides endogenous antioxidant protection. Some archaea can use pro-atherogenic trimethylamine molecules as electron acceptors, reducing the risk of atherosclerosis. However, archaea have been linked to the development of intestinal cancer and impaired motility, leading to constipation. There is also evidence of a link between archaea and metabolic disorders, as Methanobrevibacter smithii can activate lipogenesis and alter glucose tolerance through hydrogen consumption. Archaea have been implicated in the development of infectious myocarditis and urinary tract diseases. Additionally, there is evidence of the sensitivity of archaea to antibiotics.</p><p>In view of the increased attention to the intestinal archaeome, methods for studying methanogenic archaea in humans are described. The main methods are molecular genetic and cultural, but the latter requires complex nutrient media and special atmospheric conditions for cultivation. Data on deposited archaea strains in various microbial collections are provided.</p><p>Thus, research on the archaeome of the human intestinal microbiota has far-reaching prospects, both in further assessing the role of archaea for human health and in developing new methods for diagnosing, treating, and preventing microbiome-associated pathological conditions in humans.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Archaea</kwd><kwd>метаногены</kwd><kwd>анаэробы</kwd><kwd>кишечный микробиом</kwd><kwd>Methanobrevibacter smithii</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Archaea</kwd><kwd>methanogens</kwd><kwd>anaerobes</kwd><kwd>gut microbiome</kwd><kwd>Methanobrevibacter smithii</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Prokofeva M.I., Karaseva A.I., Tulenkov A.S., Klyukina A.A., Suzina N.E., Bale N.J., et al. 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