fcmedicineФундаментальная и клиническая медицинаFundamental and Clinical Medicine2500-07642542-0941КемГМУfcmedicine-121Research ArticleСтатьиРОЛЬ МИКРОБИОТЫ В ПОДДЕРЖАНИИ ГОМЕОСТАЗА И ИНДУКЦИИ МУТАГЕНЕЗА В СОМАТИЧЕСКИХ КЛЕТКАХ ЧЕЛОВЕКАTHE ROLE OF MICROBIOTA IN CELLULAR HOMEOSTASIS AND MUTAGENESISДружининВ. Г.DruzhininVLADIMIR G.noemail@neicon.ruБуслаевВ. Ю.BuslaevVLADISLAV YU.noemail@neicon.ruБарановаЕ. Д.BaranovaELIZAVETA D.noemail@neicon.ruНачеваЛ. В.NachevaLYUBOV V.noemail@neicon.ruФГБОУ ВО «Кемеровский государственный университет» Министерства образования и науки Российской ФедерацииРоссияKemerovo State UniversityRussian FederationФГБОУ ВО «Кемеровский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияKemerovo State Medical UniversityRussian Federation201830122018348392Copyright © Дружинин В.Г., Буслаев В.Ю., Баранова Е.Д., Начева Л.В., 20182018Дружинин В.Г., Буслаев В.Ю., Баранова Е.Д., Начева Л.В.Druzhinin V.G., Buslaev V.Y., Baranova E.D., Nacheva L.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://fcm.kemsmu.ru/jour/article/view/121

Бактерии, населяющие наш организм, составляют сложнейшее сообщество микроорганизмов, называемое микробиотой. В связи с этим организм человека следует рассматривать как «мета-организм», имея в виду многообразие эволюционно закрепленных в организме человека бактерий. Развитие современных методов молекулярной биологии позволило накопить достаточное количество фактов влияния микробиоты в поддержании жизнедеятельности организма человека преимущественно через синтез биологически-активных соединений. Вместе с тем в процессе исследования микробиома было установлено, что некоторые бактерии способны к продукции генотоксинов, вызывающих мутации в ДНК клетках организма-хозяина. Негативное влияние некоторых факторов внешней среды приводит к дисбалансу состава микробиоты в конкретных органах, что, в свою очередь, способствует возникновению ряда патологических процессов. Выявляются новые связи состава бактериальной микрофлоры с различными заболеваниями, в том числе со многими формами рака. Целью данного обзора является обобщение основных фактов влияния микробиоты на поддержание нормальных физиологических процессов в организме человека и на развитие различных патологических состояний, вызванных продуктами метаболизма бактерий.

The human body is currently considered as a meta-organism, evolutionarily inhabited by numerous microbes which populations evolve and adapt according to the changing conditions. The advent of high-throughput genomic and metabolomic approaches uncovered the complexity of interactions between the host and its microbiota, primarily mediated by synthesis of microbial bioactive compounds including mutagens. Alter-ations in microenvironment may disturb homeostasis of microbiota leading to the increased production of hazardous metabolites that, in turn, may initiate or promote disease development. Here we evaluate existing data on the role of human microbiota in physiological and pathological processes, with a particular focus on metabolomics.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.