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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">fcmedicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Фундаментальная и клиническая медицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Fundamental and Clinical Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2500-0764</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-0941</issn><publisher><publisher-name>КемГМУ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">fcmedicine-133</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЯ О ГЕНЕЗЕ, МЕТОДАХ ДИАГНОСТИКИ И ХИРУРГИЧЕСКОГО ЛЕЧЕНИЯ ПЕРФОРАТИВНЫХ ЯЗВ ДВЕНАДЦАТИПЕРСТНОЙ КИШКИ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>CURRENT CONCEPTS OF ETIOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS, AND SURGICAL TREATMENT OF PERFORATED DUODENAL ULCER</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Подолужный</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Podoluzhnyi</surname><given-names>VALERIY I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Кемеровский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kemerovo State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>03</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>73</fpage><lpage>79</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Подолужный В.И., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Подолужный В.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Podoluzhnyi V.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fcm.kemsmu.ru/jour/article/view/133">https://fcm.kemsmu.ru/jour/article/view/133</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель обзора - анализ и обобщение современных фундаментальных и клинических данных, посвященных вопросам ульцерогенеза, современной диагностике, а также методам лечения и их результатам при перфоративной язве двенадцатиперстной кишки (ПЯДК). Язвенной болезнью с дуоденальной локализацией дефекта страдают до 3% взрослого населения Земли, причём у 5-14% больных язвы перфорируют. Во всех случаях язвообразование при ПЯДК инициируется неблагоприятным дисбалансом между факторами агрессии и защиты кишечной слизистой. Нарушение равновесия может провоцироваться разными причинами и в большинстве случаев - их сочетанием. Более чем у половины больных (до 80%) оно обусловлено многокомпонентным влиянием хеликобактер-инфекции. Реже оно связано с хронической НПВП-терапией (около 12% больных), а также с чрезмерным курением, злоупотреблением алкоголем, гастриномой, голоданием, психо-эмоциональными перегрузками (главным образом, социально обусловленными), а также особенностями генотипа. Основные клинические проявления при типичной перфорации - внезапная боль в животе, симптомы перитонита и тахикардия. Весьма часто (почти у 2/3 больных) симптомы перфорации являются первыми в манифестации заболевания. Газ в брюшной полости обнаруживается в 60-91% случаев. Отмечаются трудности диагностики при ПЯДК после гастрошунтирования и атипичных перфорациях. Параклиническим диагностическим подспорьем являются ультразвуковое исследование (УЗИ), компьютерная томография (КТ), дуоденоскопия с повторным поиском пневмоперитонеума, лапароскопия и даже лапароцентез. Основной метод лечения - ушивание (лапаротомное, лапароскопическое) перфоративного отверстия. Ваготомия считается целесообразным дополнением, поскольку она позитивно вмешивается в механизмы ульцерогенеза. При сочетании ПЯДК со стенозом или язвенным кровотечением рекомендуется ромбовидное поперечное иссечение язвы по Джадду или продольное рассечение с пересечением привратника по Гейнике-Микуличу и ушиванием в поперечном направлении. Предложения по использованию герметизирующих тампонов и эндоскопического стентирования кишки при ПЯДК у пациентов преклонного возраста с тяжелой сопутствующей патологией заслуживают внимания и требуют дальнейших разработок. При обнаружении хеликобактер-инфекции большинством авторов рекомендуется эрадикационная терапия. Послеоперационная леталь-ность зависит от возраста, сопутствующей патологии, сроков госпитализации и колеблется от 0,3 до 30%. Число перфораций при язвенной болезни 12-перстной кишки остаётся высоким. Основным методом лечения является оперативный. Наибольшая летальность связана с поздней госпитализацией, преклонным возрастом, тяжелой сопутствующей патологией, исходной гипоальбуминемией. Малоинвазивные эндоскопические методы лечения требуют дальнейших разработок.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Here I attempted to analyze and summarize current data on etiology of duodenal ulcer, with the fo-cus on diagnostics and treatment of its perforation. Duodenal ulcer is diagnosed in ≈ 3% of the adult population worldwide, and 5-14% of the patients suffer from perforated ulcer. Duodenal ulcers are caused by a dysregulated balance between aggressive and protective factors of the intestinal mucosa. In up to 80% of the patients, it is caused by Helicobacter pylori infection; less commonly, it is associated with a long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, excessive smoking, alcohol abuse, gastrinoma, starvation, emotional overload, and genetic disorders. Main clinical manifestations of perforated duodenal ulcer are sudden abdominal pain, symptoms of peritonitis, and tachycardia. In around 66% of patients, perforation symptoms are the first manifestations; in 60-91% of patients, pneumoperitoneum is diagnosed. Current diagnostic methods include ultrasound examination, computed tomography scan, duodenoscopy, laparoscopy and even laparocentesis. Treatment is based on laparotomic or laparoscopic suturing of the perforation. Vagotomy is considered a worthwhile addition, as it may prevent repeated ulceration. When perforated duodenal ulcers are combined with stenosis or bleeding, Judd pyloroplasty (diamond-shaped transverse excision) or Heineke-Mikulicz pyloroplasty (transversely closed longitudinal incision across the pylorus) is recommended. Sealing pads and endoscopic duodenal stenting may be considered as appropriate options in elderly patients with multiple comorbidities. Eradication therapy should be prescribed in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection. Late diagnosis, old age, severe or multiple comorbidities, and hypoalbuminemia are the risk factors of an adverse outcome; case fatality rate ranges from 0.3 to 30%. Overall, the number of perforated duodenal ulcers remains high.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>перфоративная язва двенадцатиперстной кишки</kwd><kwd>заболеваемость</kwd><kwd>ульцерогенез</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd><kwd>хирургическое лечение</kwd><kwd>малоинвазивное лечение</kwd><kwd>perforated duodenal ulcer</kwd><kwd>incidence</kwd><kwd>ulcerogenesis</kwd><kwd>diagnosis</kwd><kwd>surgical treatment</kwd><kwd>minimally invasive surgery</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chung KT, Shelat VG. Perforated peptic ulcer - an update. World J Gastrointest Surg. 2017; 9 (1): 1-12. doi: 10.4240/wjgs.v9.i1.1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chung KT, Shelat VG. Perforated peptic ulcer - an update. 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Int J Surg. 2015; 14: 38-44. doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2014.12.022</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
