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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">fcmedicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Фундаментальная и клиническая медицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Fundamental and Clinical Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2500-0764</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-0941</issn><publisher><publisher-name>КемГМУ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">fcmedicine-20</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>АКУШЕРСКИЕ КРОВОТЕЧЕНИЯ КАК ОСНОВНАЯ  ПРИЧИНА КРИТИЧЕСКИХ СОСТОЯНИЙ И  МАТЕРИНСКОЙ СМЕРТНОСТИ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>OBSTETRIC HEMORRHAGES AS THE MAIN CAUSE OF CRITICAL CONDITIONS AND      MATERNAL MORTALITY</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сурина</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maria N. Surina</surname></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Марочко</surname><given-names>Т. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tatiana Y. Marochko</surname></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Кемеровский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kemerovo State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>81</fpage><lpage>87</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сурина М.Н., Марочко Т.Ю., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сурина М.Н., Марочко Т.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Сурина М.Н., Марочко Т.Ю.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fcm.kemsmu.ru/jour/article/view/20">https://fcm.kemsmu.ru/jour/article/view/20</self-uri><abstract><p>Материнская  смертность  (МС)  -  ключевой индикатор статуса здоровья женщин репродуктивного возраста и показатель работы системы здравоохранения страны, отражающий как доступность, так и качество пренатальной и акушерской помощи. Высокий показатель МС от акушерских кровотечений  (АК)  отражает  низкое  качество  организации  оказания  медицинской  помощи  и свидетельствует  о  наличии  резервов  для  снижения материнских потерь. АК  остаются значимой  причиной  материнской  смертности  во всем мире. В структуре АК, которые привели к неблагоприятному  исходу беременности  и  родов, важное место принадлежит послеродовым кровотечениям. АК являются причиной критического состояния, как правило, при массивной  кровопотере и развитии нарушений в системе гемостаза в ситуации неверной тактики оказания акушерской помощи.  В последние годы в развитых странах анализ ошибок оказания помощи при АК проводится на случаях «едва не погибших» женщин («near miss»), что имеет дополнительные преимущества и позволяет найти незадействованные  резервы  для  снижения  материнской  летальности. Систематический  обзор  литературы  ВОЗ по  случаям  «едва  не  погибших»  женщин,  позволил  выделить  три  подхода  к  идентификации  тяжелой  материнской  заболеваемости:  1) определение  клинических  критериев  для  таких осложнений,  как тяжелая преэклампсия  и кровотечение;  2)  направление  женщины  в  палату интенсивной  терапии (ПИТ),  проведение гистерэктомии  или  массивной  гемотрансфузии;  3)  коррекция  дисфункции  системы  органов (шок или респираторный дистресс). Важно выработать стандартизированные критерии определения случаев «near miss» для более широкого применения  данного принципа в качестве инструмента исследования и повышения качества оказываемой акушерской помощи.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Maternal mortality is now established as a key  health  indicator  in  women  of  reproductive  age.  Moreover,  it  can  be  recognized  as  an  indicator  of  the  country  healthcare  system  since  it  reflects  both  the  availability  and  quality  of  prenatal  and  obstetric care. The  high  rate  of  obstetric  hemorrhage  (OH)-related  mortality  reflects  the  poor  quality  of medical care and indicates the possibility to reduce maternal  deaths.  OH,  particularly  postpartum hemorrhages,  remain  a  significant  cause  of maternal  mortality  worldwide.  OH  may  cause critical  conditions  accompanied  with  massive blood loss and altered hemostasis. In recent years, a «near miss» conception became widely applied  in  obstetrics,  particularly  in  regard  to  OH.  This  provides  additional  advantages  and  increases  potential for decreasing maternal mortality. World  Health  Organization  systematic  review  indicated three distinct approaches for identifying  severe  maternal  morbidity:  1)  the  definition  of  criteria  for  clinical  complications  such  as  severe  pre-eclampsia  and  hemorrhage;  2)  admission  of  the patient in the intensive care unit, performance  of  hysterectomy  or  massive  blood  transfusion;  3)  correction  of  organ  dysfunction  (shock  or  respiratory distress).  It is important to develop standardized criteria  for  determining  «near  miss»  cases  to  apply  this  principle as a research tool and improve the quality  of obstetric care.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>материнская смертность</kwd><kwd>акушерские кровотечения</kwd><kwd>«едва не погибшие»</kwd><kwd>maternal  mortality</kwd><kwd>obstetric hemorrhage</kwd><kwd>near miss</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">King JC. Strategies to reduce maternal mortality in developed countries. Curr. Opin. Obstet. Gynecol. 2013; 25 (2): 117-123.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">King JC. Strategies to reduce maternal mortality in developed countries. Curr. Opin. Obstet. 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