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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">fcmedicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Фундаментальная и клиническая медицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Fundamental and Clinical Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2500-0764</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-0941</issn><publisher><publisher-name>КемГМУ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23946/2500-0764-2020-5-1-101-111</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">fcmedicine-269</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Нейрофизиологические механизмы и перспективы использования двойных задач в восстановлении когнитивных функций у кардиохирургических пациентов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Neurophysiological mechanisms and perspective for the use of dual tasks inrecovering cognitive function after cardiac surgery</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трубникова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trubnikova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Трубникова Ольга Александровна - доктор медицинских наук, заведующий лабораторией нейрососудистой патологии.</p><p>650002, Россия, г. Кемерово, Сосновый бульвар, 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Olga A. Trubnikova - MD, DSc, Head of Laboratory of Neurovascular Diseases, Department of Clinical Cardiology.</p><p>6, Sosnovy Boulevard, Kemerovo, 650002, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olgalet17@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6391-0170</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тарасова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tarasova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тарасова Ирина Валерьевна - доктор медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории нейрососудистой патологии.</p><p>650002, Россия, г. Кемерово, Сосновый бульвар, 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Irina V. Tarasova - MD, DSc, Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Neurovascular Diseases, Department of Clinical Cardiology.</p><p>6, Sosnovy Boulevard, Kemerovo, 650002, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4642-3610</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Барбараш</surname><given-names>О. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Barbarash</surname><given-names>O. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Барбараш Ольга Леонидовна - член-корр. РАН, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, директор.</p><p>650002, Россия, г. Кемерово, Сосновый бульвар, 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Prof. Olga L. Barbarash - MD, DSc, Professor, Corresponding Member of Russian Academy of Sciences, Chief Executive Officer.</p><p>6, Sosnovy Boulevard, Kemerovo, 650002, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>06</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>101</fpage><lpage>111</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Трубникова О.А., Тарасова И.В., Барбараш О.Л., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Трубникова О.А., Тарасова И.В., Барбараш О.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Trubnikova O.A., Tarasova I.V., Barbarash O.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fcm.kemsmu.ru/jour/article/view/269">https://fcm.kemsmu.ru/jour/article/view/269</self-uri><abstract><p>В настоящем обзоре литературы сообщается о современных тенденциях относительно применения метода двойных задач в восстановлении когнитивных функций при различных формах мозговой патологии, в том числе, старении, травматическом и ишемическом повреждении головного мозга. Двойная задача представляет собой когнитивный реабилитационный подход, подразумевающий одновременное выполнение физической активности (ходьба, бег или поддержание устойчивой позы (постуральный тренинг)) и когнитивных задач (внутренний счет, задачи на кратковременную память и внимание, дивергентные задачи). Двойные задачи с одномоментным вовлечением моторных и когнитивных функций ассоциированы со специфическими характеристиками мозговой активности и позволяют оценить компенсаторные ресурсы мозга как в норме, так и при его повреждении или возрастных изменениях. В обзоре описаны также основные нейрофизиологические механизмы действия двойных задач на когнитивные функции, эффекты трансфера и интерференции. В настоящий момент установлено, что при выполнении сложных, двойных заданий происходит более эффективная координация когнитивных процессов, обеспечивающая расширенные возможности для успешного когнитивного функционирования. В работе акцентировано внимание на высокой распространённости когнитивных нарушений у пациентов после кардиохирургических вмешательств и обозначены перспективы восстановления нарушенных в послеоперационном периоде когнитивных функций данной когорты пациентов с помощью двойных задач. Предполагается, что применение реабилитационного подхода с использованием двойных задач при задействовании параллельно мозговых областей, обеспечивающих исполнительный контроль, функции рабочей памяти, внимания и моторных зон коры может оказать значимый восстановительный эффект при когнитивном дефиците у пациентов после кардиохирургических вмешательств.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This review encompasses current trends regarding the use of dual tasks in recovering of cognitive functions in patients with ageassociated cognitive decline, traumatic brain injury and brain ischemia. The dual task represents a cognitive rehabilitation approach which implies the simultaneous execution of physical activity (walking, running or postural training) and cognitive tasks (internal counting, short-term memory and attention tasks, divergent tasks). Dual tasks with the simultaneous involvement of motor and cognitive functions are associated with specific features of brain activity and permit evaluation of the brain compensatory resources both in the normal state and in ageassociated cognitive decline or ischemic/ traumatic injury. The review also describes the basic neurophysiological mechanisms of the dual task-associated action on cognitive functions including transfer and interference. Performing of complex, multidirectional tasks provides a more efficient coordination of cognitive processes and improves the opportunities for successful cognitive functioning. The work underlines the high prevalence of cognitive impairment in cardiac surgery patients and shows the prospects of using dual tasks for the postoperative cognitive recovery. We assume that the rehabilitation using dual tasks involving brain areas providing executive control, working memory, attention and motor control can result in a pronounced cognitive recovery in cardiac surgery patients with cognitive impairment.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>когнитивная реабилитация</kwd><kwd>двойные задачи</kwd><kwd>нейрофизиологические механизмы</kwd><kwd>эффект трансфера</kwd><kwd>кардиохирургические вмешательства</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cognitive rehabilitation</kwd><kwd>dual tasks</kwd><kwd>neurophysiological mechanisms</kwd><kwd>transfer effect</kwd><kwd>cardiac surgery</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chokron S, Helft G, Perez C. Effects of age and cardiovascular disease on selective attention. 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