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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">fcmedicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Фундаментальная и клиническая медицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Fundamental and Clinical Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2500-0764</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-0941</issn><publisher><publisher-name>КемГМУ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23946/2500-0764-2020-5-4-133-140</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">fcmedicine-347</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LECTURES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Молекулярно-генетические методы в практике современных медико-биологических исследований. Часть I: Теоретические основы ПЦР-диагностики</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Molecular genetic techniques in current biomedical research. Part I: Theoretical basis of PCR -diagnostics</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1169-715X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волков</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volkov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Волков Алексей Николаевич, кандидат биологических наук, доцент кафедры биологии с основами генетики и паразитологии; старший научный сотрудник центральной научно-исследовательской лаборатории</p><p>650056, г. Кемерово, ул. Ворошилова, 22а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey N. Volkov, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Biology, Genetics and Parasitology; Senior Researcher, Central Research Laboratory</p><p>22a, Voroshilova Street, Kemerovo, 650056</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">volkov_alex@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Начева</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nacheva</surname><given-names>L. V</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Начева Любовь Васильевна, доктор биологических наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой биологии с основами генетики и паразитологии</p><p>650056, г. Кемерово, ул. Ворошилова, 22а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyubov V. Nacheva, MD, DSc, Professor, Head of the Department of Biology, Genetics, and Parasitology</p><p>22a, Voroshilova Street, Kemerovo, 650056</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Кемеровский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kemerovo State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>133</fpage><lpage>140</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Волков А.Н., Начева Л.В., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Волков А.Н., Начева Л.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Volkov A.N., Nacheva L.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fcm.kemsmu.ru/jour/article/view/347">https://fcm.kemsmu.ru/jour/article/view/347</self-uri><abstract><p>Молекулярно-генетические методы являются неотъемлемой частью многих современных медико-биологических исследований. Среди них наибольшую распространенность получили технологии, основанные на использовании полимеразной цепной реакции. Данный подход воспроизводит естественный механизм репликации нуклеиновых кислот in vitro, ограниченный интересующим исследователя участком генома. ПЦР позволяет быстро и с высокой специфичностью амплифицировать фрагмент генома любого биологического объекта. Это определяет широкие возможности ПЦР-диагностики: от выявления возбудителей инфекционных заболеваний человека до установления генетических причин наследственных и мультифакториальных болезней и идентификации личности в судебной медицине. Предлагаемый цикл лекций посвящен описанию важнейших направлений использования ПЦР и сопутствующих методов в практике медицинских и биологических исследований. В данной части речь пойдет о теоретических основах ПЦР-диагностики. Рассматриваются ключевые биологические концепции, положенные в основу данного метода, обсуждаются свойства нуклеиновых кислот как объекта изучения. Особое внимание уделяется манипуляциям и техническим решениям, позволяющим осуществить ПЦР на практике. Лекция ориентирована, прежде всего, на студентов медико-биологических специальностей, а также молодых специалистов, планирующих использовать в своей практической деятельности молекулярно-генетические методы исследований.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Molecular genetic techniques represent an essential part of current biomedical research. Among them, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the most widespread. This approach reproduces the natural mechanism of nucleic acid replication in vitro, specifically restricted to the region of interest. PCR permits fast and highly specific amplification of the genome fragments belonging to any organism. Therefore, the applications of PCR diagnostics vary from identifying infectious agents to establishing causes of hereditary and multifactorial diseases and to personal identification in forensic medicine. The proposed lecture course discusses the PCR principles and cases of its application in biomedical research. Here we describe theoretical concepts and molecular basis of PCR diagnostics as well as chemical features of the nucleic acids. Particular attention is paid to the technical solutions extending the applicability of PCR and to the manipulations for its successful use. The lecture is primarily aimed at biomedical students and junior researchers.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>молекулярно-генетические методы</kwd><kwd>ДНК</kwd><kwd>ПЦР</kwd><kwd>электрофорез</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>molecular genetic methods</kwd><kwd>DNA</kwd><kwd>PCR</kwd><kwd>electrophoresis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhu H, Zhang H, Xu Y, Laššáková S, Korabečná M, Neužil P. PCR past, present and future. 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