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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">fcmedicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Фундаментальная и клиническая медицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Fundamental and Clinical Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2500-0764</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-0941</issn><publisher><publisher-name>КемГМУ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23946/2500-0764-2021-6-1-53-59</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">fcmedicine-373</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Фундаментальные и прикладные аспекты исследования экзополисахаридов бифидобактерий</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bifdobacterial exopolysaccharides: a brief review</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3475-9125</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захарова</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharova</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Захарова Юлия Викторовна, доктор медицинских наук, доцент кафедры микробиологии, иммунологии и вирусологии</p><p>650056, г. Кемерово, ул. Ворошилова, д. 22а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuliyа V. Zakharova, Dr., MD, DSc, Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Virology</p><p>22a, Voroshilova Street, Kemerovo, 650056</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yvz@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5977-9149</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Леванова</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Levanova</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Леванова Людмила Александровна, доктор медицинских наук, заведующая кафедрой микробиологии, иммунологии и вирусологии</p><p>650056, г. Кемерово, ул. Ворошилова, д. 22а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyudmila A. Levanova, Prof., MD, DSc, Professor, Head of the Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Virology</p><p>22a, Voroshilova Street, Kemerovo, 650056</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4126-4312</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Отдушкина</surname><given-names>Л. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Otdushkina</surname><given-names>L. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Отдушкина Лариса Юрьевна, ассистент кафедры микробиологии, иммунологии и вирусологии</p><p>650056, г. Кемерово, ул. Ворошилова, д. 22а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Larisa Yu. Otdushkina, Dr., MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Virology</p><p>22a, Voroshilova Street, Kemerovo, 650056</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Кемеровский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kemerovo State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>03</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>53</fpage><lpage>59</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Захарова Ю.В., Леванова Л.А., Отдушкина Л.Ю., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Захарова Ю.В., Леванова Л.А., Отдушкина Л.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zakharova Y.V., Levanova L.A., Otdushkina L.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fcm.kemsmu.ru/jour/article/view/373">https://fcm.kemsmu.ru/jour/article/view/373</self-uri><abstract><p>Продукция экзополисахаридов (ЭПС) является широко распространенным фенотипическим признаком у многих комменсальных и патогенных микроорганизмов. Активное изучение ЭПС у бифидобактерий связано с обнаружением кластера генов eps. ЭПС у микроорганизмов рода Bifdobacterium являются гетерополисахаридами. У большинства бифидобактерий они состоят из трех моносахаридов: D-глюкозы, D-галактозы и L-рамнозы. У B. animalis subsp. lactis присутствует манноза, у B. adolescentis и B. longum subsp. longum обнаружена 6-дезокситеалоза. Число повторяющихся единиц в полимерах является штаммовой характеристикой. Предшественниками мономеров являются глюкоза-1-фосфат и фруктоза-6-фосфат, синтез осуществляется через промежуточную стадию образования нуклеотид-сахаров. В полимеризации и секреции полимеров у бифидобактерий участвуют две системы − это ABC-транспортеры и флиппаза-полимеразный комплекс (Wzx/ Wzy-зависимый путь). ЭПС выполняют многочисленные функции. Они защищают бифидобактерии от агрессивных секретов желудочно-кишечного тракта, токсических форм кислорода, обеспечивают бактериально-бактериальные взаимодействия, выполняют роль рецепторов для адсорбции фагов. ЭПС используются другими членами кишечной микробиоты в качестве субстратов для питания, т.е. бифидобактерии регулируют состав и метаболическую активность кишечных микроорганизмов. ЭПС-продуцирующие штаммы проявляют выраженный антибактериальный эффект за счет связывания условно-патогенных и патогенных бактерий. ЭПС могут выступать в качестве микроб-ассоциированных молекулярных паттернов во взаимодействии с клетками макроорганизма. Поэтому в экологической и медицинской микробиологии актуальными являются исследования структурно– функциональных особенностей ЭПС как фактора взаимодействия бифидобактерий с макроорганизмом и с другими микросимбионтами в многокомпонентном кишечном сообществе. Многочисленные функции ЭПС предопределили возможность использования данных полимеров бифидобактерий в качестве пребиотиков или в составе симбиотиков. Основным ограничением является низкий выход целевого продукта при культивировании ЭПС-продуцирующих штаммов. Поэтому перспективны исследования, направленные на поиск новых штаммов-продуцентов ЭПС среди бифидобактерий и создание благоприятных технологических условий, способствующих продукции этих полимеров.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Exopolysaccharide (EPS) production is a widespread phenotypic trait in many commensal and pathogenic microorganisms. In bifidobacteria, the discovery of the eps gene cluster propelled the multiple studies of their EPS, which represent heteropolysaccharides and generally consist of three monosaccharides: D-glucose, D-galactose, and L-rhamnose. EPS of B. animalis subsp. lactis additionally contains mannose while EPS of B. adolescentis and B. longum subsp. longum contains 6-deoxytealose. The number of repeat units in bifidobacterial EPS is a straincharacteristic feature. Precursors of the indicated EPS monomers are glucose-1-phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate, and the synthesis involves nucleotide sugar intermediates. Two molecular systems are implica in polymerisation and polymer secretion in bifidobacteria: ABC transporters and fippase polymerase complex (Wzx/Wzydependent pathway). EPS perform numerous functions. They protect bifidobacteria from aggressive gastrointestinal milieu and reactive oxygen species, provide a scaffold for the bacterial-bacterial interactions, and act as the receptors for phage adsorption. Further, EPS are used by the other members of the gut microbiota as substrates for nutrition, i.e. bifidobacteria regulate the composition and metabolic activity of intestinal microorganisms. Therefore, EPS-producing strains exhibit pronounced antibacterial effects due to the binding of opportunistic and pathogenic microbes. Finally, EPS can act as pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Beneficial effects of bifidobacterial EPS determined the possibility of their use as prebiotics or as a part of symbiotics. The main limitation in this regard is the low yield of the target product when culturing EPS-producing strains. Therefore, current research is aimed at finding novel EPSproducing strains among the bifidobacteria and creating favorable technological conditions that promote EPS production.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>экзополисахариды</kwd><kwd>бифидобактерии</kwd><kwd>функции</kwd><kwd>кишечный микробиом</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>exopolysaccharides</kwd><kwd>bifdobacteria</kwd><kwd>functions</kwd><kwd>intestinal microbiome</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moscovici M. 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