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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">fcmedicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Фундаментальная и клиническая медицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Fundamental and Clinical Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2500-0764</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-0941</issn><publisher><publisher-name>КемГМУ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23946/2500-0764-2021-6-1-77-85</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">fcmedicine-376</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LECTURES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Молекулярно-генетические методы в практике современных медико-биологических исследований. Часть II: использование ПЦР в диагностике инфекционных заболеваний человека</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Molecular genetic techniques in current biomedical research. Part II: PCR applications in diagnostics of human infectious diseases</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1169-715X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волков</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volkov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Волков Алексей Николаевич, кандидат биологических наук, доцент кафедры биологии с основами генетики и паразитологии; старший научный сотрудник центральной научно-исследовательской лаборатории</p><p>650056, г. Кемерово, ул. Ворошилова, д. 22а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey N. Volkov, Dr., PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Biology, Genetics and Parasitology; Senior Researcher, Central Research Laboratory</p><p>22a, Voroshilova Street, Kemerovo, 650056</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">volkov_alex@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3148-8788</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Начева</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nacheva</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Начева Любовь Васильевна, доктор биологических наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой биологии с основами генетики и паразитологии</p><p>650056, г. Кемерово, ул. Ворошилова, д. 22а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyubov V. Nacheva, Prof., MD, DSc, Professor, Head of the Department of Biology, Genetics, and Parasitology</p><p>22a, Voroshilova Street, Kemerovo, 650056</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3475-9125</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захарова</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharova</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Захарова Юлия Викторовна, доктор медицинских наук, доцент кафедры микробиологии, иммунологии и вирусологии</p><p>650056, г. Кемерово, ул. Ворошилова, д. 22а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuliyа V. Zakharova, Dr., MD, DSc, Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Virology</p><p>22a, Voroshilova Street, Kemerovo, 650056</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Кемеровский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kemerovo State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>03</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>77</fpage><lpage>85</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Волков А.Н., Начева Л.В., Захарова Ю.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Волков А.Н., Начева Л.В., Захарова Ю.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Volkov A.N., Nacheva L.V., Zakharova Y.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fcm.kemsmu.ru/jour/article/view/376">https://fcm.kemsmu.ru/jour/article/view/376</self-uri><abstract><p>ПЦР-диагностика является одним из наиболее современных и технологичных методов выявления микроорганизмов. Основанная на амплификации нуклеиновых кислот, ПЦР позволяет достичь высокой диагностической чувствительности и специфичности в сочетании с высокой скоростью выполнения исследования. В отличие от бактериологического метода ПЦР-диагностика не требует предварительного культивирования исследуемых микроорганизмов для их идентификации, что позволяет применять метод для обнаружения некультивируемых бактерий и вирусов. В лекции обсуждаются молекулярные процессы, положенные в основу современных технических решений для молекулярно-генетической диагностики. Рассматриваются фундаментальные и прикладные аспекты выполнения мультиплексной ПЦР и ПЦР с обратной транскрипцией. Анализируются способы качественного и количественного выявления возбудителей в биологических материалах с помощью молекулярно-генетических методов. Приводятся примеры использования ПЦР-исследования для решения конкретных диагностических задач. Лекция ориентирована на студентов медико-биологических специальностей, а также молодых специалистов, планирующих использовать в своей практической деятельности молекулярно-генетические методы исследований.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based diagnostics is currently established as a gold standard for the detection of microorganisms. The features of PCR include rapid amplification of DNA and RNA as well as high sensitivity and specificity. In contrast to diagnostic microbiology, PCR diagnostics does not require preliminary culture of the microorganisms for their identification, reducing both time and costs of the diagnostic procedure. The lecture discusses the molecular basis behind the modern technical solutions for the PCR diagnostics of human infectious diseases including multiplex and reverse transcription PCR. We describe the principles of qualitative and quantitative PCR-based detection of pathogens in biological samples and provide the examples of PCR application for solving specific diagnostic scenarios. The lecture is primarily designed for students of biomedical specialties and healthcare professionals using molecular genetic techniques in their practice.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>молекулярно-генетическая диагностика</kwd><kwd>ПЦР</kwd><kwd>идентификация микроорганизмов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>molecular genetic diagnostics</kwd><kwd>PCR</kwd><kwd>microbial detection</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Waller JV, Kaur P, Tucker A, Lin KK, Diaz MJ, Henry TS, Hope M. Diagnostic tools for Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Comparing CT and RT-PCR viral nucleic acid testing. 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