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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">fcmedicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Фундаментальная и клиническая медицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Fundamental and Clinical Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2500-0764</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-0941</issn><publisher><publisher-name>КемГМУ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23946/2500-0764-2021-6-2-24-30</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">fcmedicine-401</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Роль кишечной микробиоты в развитии инфекций мочевыводящих путей у детей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Gut microbiota and urinary tract infections in children</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5977-9149</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Леванова</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Levanova</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, заведующий кафедрой микробиологии, иммунологии и вирусологии,</p><p>650056, г. Кемерово, ул. Ворошилова, д. 22а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, DSc, Professor, Head of the Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Virology, </p><p>22a, Voroshilova Street, Kemerovo, 650056</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5001-7068</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Марковская</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Markovskaya</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ассистент кафедры эпидемиологии, инфекционных болезней и дерматовенерологии,</p><p>650056, г. Кемерово, ул. Ворошилова, д. 22а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assistant Professor, Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Diseases, Skin Disorders and SexuallyTransmitted Diseases,</p><p>22a, Voroshilova Street, Kemerovo, 650056</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4126-4312</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Отдушкина</surname><given-names>Л. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Otdushkina</surname><given-names>L. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ассистент кафедры микробиологии, иммунологии и вирусологии,</p><p>650056, г. Кемерово, ул. Ворошилова, д. 22а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Virology,</p><p>22a, Voroshilova Street, Kemerovo, 650056</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3475-9125</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захарова</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharova</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, доцент кафедры микробиологии, иммунологии и вирусологии,</p><p>650056, г. Кемерово, ул. Ворошилова, д. 22а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, DSc, Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Virology,</p><p>22a, Voroshilova Street, Kemerovo, 650056</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Кемеровский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kemerovo State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>06</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>24</fpage><lpage>30</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Леванова Л.А., Марковская А.А., Отдушкина Л.Ю., Захарова Ю.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Леванова Л.А., Марковская А.А., Отдушкина Л.Ю., Захарова Ю.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Levanova L.A., Markovskaya A.A., Otdushkina L.Y., Zakharova Y.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fcm.kemsmu.ru/jour/article/view/401">https://fcm.kemsmu.ru/jour/article/view/401</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Оценка роли нарушений кишечной микробиоты в развитии инфекций мочевыводящих путей у детей в многопрофильном стационаре.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведено бактериологическое исследование 2694 проб мочи на стерильность у детей первых трех лет жизни, находящихся на стационарном лечении многопрофильного стационара г. Кемерово. Посевы мочи проводили 4-секторным методом. Параллельно бактериологическим методом исследовали состав кишечной микробиоты. Идентичность штаммов из мочи и кишечника изучали по резистенс-типу.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Частота обнаружения проб со значимыми титрами возбудителей в отделениях различного профиля отличалась (c2 =17,9, df=4, p=0,02). Наибольшее число положительных проб выявлено в отделении патологии новорожденных, отделении реанимации новорожденных (по 43,8%), а также в урологическом отделении (37,9%). В структуре возбудителей доминировали представители семейства Enterobacteriaceae, в частности, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., Proteus spp.. В кишечном микробиоме у всех детей регистрировали микроэкологические нарушения. Титры Bifidobacterium spp. и Lactobacillus spp. были снижены до 6 (5,0; 8,0) и 5 (4,0; 6,0) lg КОЕ/г соответственно. У 89,2% детей были повышены до 9-10 lg КОЕ/г уровни E.coli lac+. У 18,9% детей из кишечника изолировали E.coli lac- в высоких титрах 8 (6,0; 9,0), у 24,3% − E.coli hly+ с количественным уровнем 5 (4,5; 6,0) lg. Установлена высокая частота и плотность колонизации слизистой кишечника микроорганизмами рода Klebsiella - 44,6% и 8,1 (7,0; 8,5) lg соответственно. У 10,8% детей в состав кишечного микробиома входили Enterobacter spp. и Proteus spp., их количественный уровень достигал 7 (5,0; 8,0) КОЕ/г. Идентичность резистенс-типов штаммов установлена в 63%.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. У 76% детей с инфекциями мочевыводящих путей в кишечном микробиоме выявлены микроэкологические нарушения III степени тяжести. Преобладал энтеробактериальный тип микробиоценоза, который характеризовался высокой частотой и титрами представителей семейства Enterobacteriaceae – Escherichia coli lac+, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., Proteus spp. Идентичность уроштаммов и копроизолятов энтеробактерий по резистенс-типу свидетельствует о том, что кишечный микробиом является основным источником возбудителей данной патологии и об эндогенном инфицировании детей. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To evaluate the role of intestinal dysbiosis in the development of urinary tract infections in children admitted to a multidisciplinary hospital.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. We performed a bacteriological analysis of 2,694 urine samples collected from ≤ 3-years-old children who have been admitted to a multidisciplinary hospital (Kemerovo, Russian Federation). Urine specimens were inoculated by the 4-sector technique. Concurrently, we quantified the intestinal microbiota and its antimicrobial resistance in 100 children with urinary tract infections.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Titers of pathogenic microbes significantly differed in patients from distinct units (p = 0.02). The highest number of positive samples was detected in the neonatal pathology and neonatal intensive care units (43.8% each) as well as urology unit (37.9%). The most frequent pathogens belonged to Enterobacteriaceae family, in particular Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., and Proteus spp. All studied children (100/100) suffered from intestinal dysbiosis. Titers of Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. were reduced to 6 (5.0; 8.0) and 5 (4.0; 6.0) lg CFU/g, respectively. In 89.2% children, Escherichia coli lac+ levels were elevated to 9-10 lg CFU/g. Of note, 18.9% children had high Escherichia coli lac- titers [8 (6.0; 9.0) lg] and 24.3% had high Escherichia coli hly+ titers [5 (4.5; 6.0) lg] in the intestine. We have also found a high frequency (44.6%) and density [8.1 (7.0; 8.5) lg] of Klebsiella spp., in the intestinal mucosa of such patients. Notably, Enterobacter spp. and Proteus spp. were abundant [7 (5.0; 8.0) CFU/g] in the intestinal microbiota of 10.8% children. The prevalence of resistance strains in the studied setting reached 63%.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. More than 75% children with urinary tract infections suffer from intestinal dysbiosis. The microbiome of these patients was predominantly composed of Enterobacteriaceae and was characterized by high titers of Escherichia coli lac+, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacte spp., and Proteus spp. Similar profile of antimicrobial resistance in urinary and intestinal isolates of enterobacteria suggests intestinal microbiome as the main source of pathogens causing urinary tract infections in children. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>инфекции</kwd><kwd>мочевыводящие пути</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>кишечный микробиом</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>infections</kwd><kwd>urinary tract infections</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>intestinal microbiome</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вялкова А.А, Гриценко В.А. Современные подходы к диагностике и лечению ренальной инфекции у детей. 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