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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">fcmedicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Фундаментальная и клиническая медицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Fundamental and Clinical Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2500-0764</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-0941</issn><publisher><publisher-name>КемГМУ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23946/2500-0764-2021-6-2-116-123</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">fcmedicine-411</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Роль молекулярно-генетических биомаркеров в патогенезе эндометриоза</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Molecular biomarkers of endometriosis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1376-7361</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кира</surname><given-names>Е. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kira</surname><given-names>E. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, академик РАЕН, заслуженный врач РФ, заслуженный деятель науки РФ, заведующий кафедрой женских болезней и репродуктивного здоровья,</p><p>105203 г. Москва, ул. Нижняя Первомайская, д. 70</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5924-2616</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Политова</surname><given-names>А. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Politova</surname><given-names>A. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры женских болезней и репродуктивного здоровья, врач акушер-гинеколог высшей категории, врач-онколог,</p><p>105203 г. Москва, ул. Нижняя Первомайская, д. 70</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1941-8450</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вершинина</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vershinina</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач акушер-гинеколог, аспирант кафедры женских болезней и репродуктивного здоровья,</p><p>105203, г. Москва, ул. Нижняя Первомайская, д. 70</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">profkira33@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2493-863X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Александрова</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alexandrova</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач акушер-гинеколог,</p><p>105203 г. Москва, ул. Нижняя Первомайская, д. 70</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медико-хирургический Центр имени Н.И. Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Pirogov National Medical and Surgical Center<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>07</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>116</fpage><lpage>123</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кира Е.Ф., Политова А.К., Вершинина Ю.А., Александрова А.Д., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кира Е.Ф., Политова А.К., Вершинина Ю.А., Александрова А.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kira E.F., Politova A.K., Vershinina Y.A., Alexandrova A.D.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fcm.kemsmu.ru/jour/article/view/411">https://fcm.kemsmu.ru/jour/article/view/411</self-uri><abstract><p>Эндометриоз является одним из наиболее распространенных гинекологических заболеваний, что отражает медицинскую и социальную значимость проблемы эффективной диагностики и лечения. На сегодняшний день причины возникновения, диагностика и лечение этого заболевания остаются предметом споров. Патогенез заболевания имеет многофакторный характер и исследован недостаточно, неинвазивные методы обследования имеют относительную диагностическую ценность, поэтому современные терапевтические подходы часто не обеспечивают полного излечения. Представленный обзор освещает данные геномных ассоциативных исследований, особенностей экспрессии регуляторных микроРНК в эутопическом эндометрии, роль цитокератина-19 в образцах мочи, регуляция ряда белков − молекулярных шаперонов, белков теплового шока hsp90, аннексин А2, а также белков, участвующих в окислительно-восстановительных процессах (пероксиредоксин 2) в формировании/разрушении ДНК в эутопическом эндометрии, воспалительных факторов указывающих на возможность вовлечения в патогенез эндометриоза. Современные ученые, как клиницисты, так и морфологи, связывают успехи в дальнейшем изучении эндометриоза с комплексными исследованиями, включающими выявление молекулярных аспектов патогенеза заболевания. За последнее десятилетие достигнут значительный прогресс в понимании молекулярной биологии клетки. Выявление сущности процессов неоангиогенеза, стромообразования, апоптоза, пролиферации, инвазии, нарушения их регуляции и соотношения открывает принципиально новые возможности в разработке патогенетически обоснованной терапии эндометриоза. В настоящее время единственным способом достоверного подтверждения диагноза и установления степени распространенности заболевания считается хирургическое вмешательство. Отсутствие доступных безоперационных методов диагностики в определенной степени затрудняет постановку диагноза и отдаляет сроки проведения лечения. Молекулярно-биологические аспекты этой проблемы еще ждут своего освещения. Недостаточно глубокие познания морфологической сущности заболевания нередко приводят к неправильной интерпретации клинических проявлений, к затруднению своевременной диагностики и неадекватным методам терапии. Несмотря на широкую распространенность, постоянно проводимые научные изыскания, появление новых диагностических методик и совершенствование имеющихся, постановка диагноза эндометриоза сопряжена с определенными трудностями, обусловленными многообразием симптомов и отсутствием высокоспецифичных маркеров. Это и определяет актуальность исследований, направленных на поиск высокоинформативных биомаркеров. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Albeit endometriosis is one of the most common gynecological diseases, its diagnosis and treatment remain controversial. The reasons behind this include: 1) multifactorial pathogenesis and insufficiently studied mechanisms of endometriosis; 2) relatively low diagnostic value of minimally invasive examination in relation to this disease; 3) inefficiency of current therapeutic approaches in many patient settings. In our opinion, uncovering the causes of endometriosis and factors promoting its progression is the cornerstone of its successful management. Here we review the lessons from genome-wide and candidate gene association studies, discuss the expression of regulatory miRNAs and describe the role of heat shock protein 90, annexin A2, and peroxiredoxin 2 in controlling DNA integrity in the eutopic endometrium. Further, we highlight the role of cytokeratin-19 in urine as a feasible diagnostic marker of endometriosis. Clinicians and basic researchers concur that the molecular basis of endometriosis is still in its infancy and current understanding of its pathophysiology remains poor. Recent progress in -omics approaches and bioinformatics paved the way for complex investigations of regulated cell death, proliferation, cell invasion and angiogenesis, opening the avenue for the novel approaches to treat endometriosis. Yet, the diversity of symptoms and an absence of sensitive and specific biomarkers frequently delay and complicate the diagnosis. In addition, surgery represents the only appropriate option to reliably confirm the diagnosis and to establish the disease extent, reducing patient adherence and postponing the start of the treatment. In this review, we discuss challenges in the diagnosis of endometriosis as well as relevant and potentially informative biomarkers. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эндометриоз</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd><kwd>белки</kwd><kwd>гены</kwd><kwd>микроРНК</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>endometriosis</kwd><kwd>diagnosis</kwd><kwd>proteins</kwd><kwd>genes</kwd><kwd>microRNAs</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marcellin L, Morin C, Santulli P, Marzouk P, Bourret A, Dousset B, Borghese B, Chapron C. History of Uterine Surgery Is Not Associated With an Increased Severity of Bladder Deep Endometriosis. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2016;23(7):1130-1137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmig.2016.08.817</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marcellin L, Morin C, Santulli P, Marzouk P, Bourret A, Dousset B, Borghese B, Chapron C. 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