fcmedicineФундаментальная и клиническая медицинаFundamental and Clinical Medicine2500-07642542-0941КемГМУ10.23946/2500-0764-2021-6-2-124-135fcmedicine-412Research ArticleОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИREVIEW ARTICLESЭндогенные и экзогенные факторы, влияющие на мужскую фертильностьFactors affecting male fertility: a reviewhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2719-344XЛитвиноваН. А.LitvinovaN. A.

доктор биологических наук, профессор, профессор кафедры нормальной физиологии,

650056, г. Кемерово, ул. Ворошилова, д. 22а

nadyakemsu@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4079-1279ЛесниковА. И.LesnikovA. I.

аспирант кафедры физиологии и генетики,

650043, г. Кемерово, Советский проспект, д. 73

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4645-7009ТолочкоТ. А.TolochkoT. A.

старший преподаватель кафедры морфологии и судебной медицины,

650056, г. Кемерово, ул. Ворошилова, д. 22а

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6492-6134ШмелевА. А.ShmelevA. A.

магистр кафедры физиологии и генетики,

650043, г. Кемерово, Советский проспект, д. 73

ФГБОУ «Кемеровский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияKemerovo State Medical UniversityRussian FederationФГБОУ «Кемеровский государственный университет» Министерства образования Российской ФедерацииРоссияKemerovo State UniversityRussian Federation20210107202162124135Copyright © Литвинова Н.А., Лесников А.И., Толочко Т.А., Шмелев А.А., 20212021Литвинова Н.А., Лесников А.И., Толочко Т.А., Шмелев А.А.Litvinova N.A., Lesnikov A.I., Tolochko T.A., Shmelev A.A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://fcm.kemsmu.ru/jour/article/view/412

В настоящее время мужское бесплодие является актуальной как медицинской, так и социально-демографической проблемой во всем мире. Особое внимание проблемам андрологии должно уделяться в промышленных регионах с неблагоприятной экологической обстановкой, так как здесь в группы риска репродуктивных нарушений попадает значительная часть населения. В данном обзоре приведены и систематизированы результаты отдельных исследований и метаанализов как отечественных, так и зарубежных авторов по частоте и этиологии репродуктивных нарушений у мужчин. Этиология мужского бесплодия может быть связана с воздействием ряда экзогенных и эндогенных факторов, а также их сочетаний. В настоящее время достаточно хорошо изучено влияние гормонального дисбаланса, генитальных инфекций и воспалительных заболеваний, геномных и хромосомных мутаций, врожденных пороков развития на мужскую инфертильность. К числу недостаточно изученных причин мужского бесплодия можно отнести молекулярно-генетические и эпигенетические факторы, нарушения функции иммунной системы, оксидативный стресс, влияние соматических хронических заболеваний. До настоящего времени в научной медицинской литературе отсутствует единое мнение относительно вклада образа жизни, вредных привычек, условий труда, загрязнения контактных сред промышленными поллютантами и климатических факторов в формирование мужской инфертильности. В связи с недостаточной изученностью вышеперечисленных факторов от 40 до 50 процентов случаев мужского бесплодия характеризуются как идиопатические. Анализ и обобщение информации знаний в области этиологии мужского бесплодия позволит определить направления приоритетных научных исследований в области андрологии и разработать эффективные методы диагностики и лечения 

Male infertility is an urgent medical and demographic threat worldwide, in particular in industrial regions suffering from environmental pollution. Here we performed an analysis of epidemiological studies and meta-analyses of prevalence, causes, and risk factors of male reproductive disorders. Among the well-defined risk factors determining male infertility are hormonal imbalance, sexually transmitted infections, other inflammatory diseases, hereditary mutations, and congenital malformations. Less studied causes of male infertility are acquired mutations and gene polymorphisms, immune disorders, oxidative stress, and chronic conditions. To date, there is no consensus on the contribution of lifestyle, bad habits, working environment, and climatic factors to male infertility. As such, 40-50% male infertility cases are characterized as idiopathic. 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.