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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">fcmedicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Фундаментальная и клиническая медицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Fundamental and Clinical Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2500-0764</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-0941</issn><publisher><publisher-name>КемГМУ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23946/2500-0764-2022-7-2-102-111</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">fcmedicine-554</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Методические подходы к восстановлению когнитивных функций с использованием компьютерных тренингов у пациентов с сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Computer-aided cognitive recovery in patients with cardiovascular diseases</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6391-0170</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тарасова</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tarasova</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тарасова Ирина Валерьевна, доктор медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории нейрососудистой патологии</p><p>650002, г. Кемерово, Сосновый бульвар, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Irina V. Tarasova, MD, DSc, Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Neurovascular Diseases, Department of Clinical Cardiology</p><p>6, Sosnovy Boulevard, Kemerovo, 650002</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">iriz78@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9750-5536</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куприянова</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kupriyanova</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Куприянова Дарья Сергеевна, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории нейрососудистой патологии</p><p>650002, г. Кемерово, Сосновый бульвар, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ms. Daria S. Kupriyanova, MSc, Junior Research Fellow, Laboratory for Neurovascular Pathology, Department of Clinical Cardiology</p><p>6, Sosnovy Boulevard, Kemerovo, 650002</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8260-8033</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трубникова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trubnikova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Трубникова Ольга Александровна, доктор медицинских наук, заведующая лабораторией нейрососудистой патологии</p><p>650002, г. Кемерово, Сосновый бульвар, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Olga A. Trubnikova, MD, DSc, Head of the Laboratory for Neurovascular Pathology, Department of Clinical Cardiology</p><p>6, Sosnovy Boulevard, Kemerovo, 650002</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4642-3610</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Барбараш</surname><given-names>О. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Barbarash</surname><given-names>O. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Барбараш Ольга Леонидовна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, член-корреспондент РАН, директор</p><p>650002, г. Кемерово, Сосновый бульвар, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Prof. Olga L. Barbarash, MD, DSc, Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chief Executive Offcer</p><p>6, Sosnovy Boulevard, Kemerovo, 650002</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>102</fpage><lpage>111</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Тарасова И.В., Куприянова Д.С., Трубникова О.А., Барбараш О.Л., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тарасова И.В., Куприянова Д.С., Трубникова О.А., Барбараш О.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tarasova I.V., Kupriyanova D.S., Trubnikova O.A., Barbarash O.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fcm.kemsmu.ru/jour/article/view/554">https://fcm.kemsmu.ru/jour/article/view/554</self-uri><abstract><p>В настоящем аналитическом обзоре рассматриваются современные методические подходы к восстановлению когнитивных функций с использованием компьютерных тренингов у пациентов с сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями. Приводится ряд ключевых преимуществ компьютерных программ когнитивного тренинга в сравнении с «бумажными» вариантами. Описываются существующие на настоящий момент специализированные программы когнитивного тренинга, направленные на стимулирование процессов восприятия, внимания, кратковременной памяти, исполнительных функций, речи и мышления. Подчеркивается, что важным моментом перед началом курса когнитивного тренинга является прохождение детального неврологического и нейропсихологического обследования для оценки исходного когнитивного статуса и выявления ведущих когнитивных нарушений. Сделан акцент на особенностях профилактики когнитивных нарушений в когорте сердечно-сосудистых пациентов. Они выражаются в мультимодальном подходе, включающем контроль основных факторов сердечно-сосудистого риска, когнитивный и физический тренинг. Обращается особое внимание на высокую распространённость когнитивных нарушений у кардиохирургических пациентов. Показано, что около 50% пациентов имеют предоперационные когнитивные нарушения и у примерно такого же количества прооперированных больных наблюдается развитие послеоперационной когнитивной дисфункции. Считается, что префронтальная, париетальная кора головного мозга и структуры гиппокампа наиболее чувствительны к нарушению кровообращения за счёт их расположения в зонах мозга, снабжаемых концевыми ветвями основных мозговых артерий. Принимая во внимание вышеуказанное, перспективным для когнитивной реабилитации кардиохирургической когорты пациентов представляется выбор задач для компьютерного когнитивного тренинга, вызывающих активацию этих мозговых регионов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>A multimodal approach to prevent the cognitive impairment in patients with cardiovascular diseases combines the control of major cardiovascular risk factors, cognitive recovery, and physical training. Here we discuss current advances in computer-aided (also called computer-assisted) cognitive recovery to prevent the cognitive impairment in patients with cardiovascular diseases, as this approach has a number of advantages in comparison with the conventional tools. We describe a cognitive training software to stimulate perception, attention, short-term memory, executive functions, speech, and thinking. Baseline neurological examination and neuropsychological testing are mandatory before starting a cognitive recovery. A particular attention is paid to the high prevalence of cognitive impairment in cardiac surgery patients. Around half of them have pre-operative cognitive impairments, and almost half of the patients suffer from a postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Among the brain regions, prefrontal and parietal cortex and hippocampus are the most sensitive to circulatory disorders as they are supplied by the terminal branches of the cerebral arteries. Therefore, cognitive rehabilitation of cardiac surgery patients should include computer-aided cognitive training tasks activating these brain regions.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>когнитивные нарушения</kwd><kwd>компьютерный когнитивный тренинг</kwd><kwd>сердечно-сосудистые заболевания</kwd><kwd>когнитивная реабилитация</kwd><kwd>послеоперационная когнитивная дисфункция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cognitive impairment</kwd><kwd>computer-assisted cognitive training</kwd><kwd>cardiovascular disease</kwd><kwd>cognitive rehabilitation</kwd><kwd>postoperative cognitive dysfunction</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Коберская Н.Н., Яхно Н.Н., Гридин В.Н., Смирнов Д.С. Влияние сердечно-сосудистых факторов риска на доумеренное когнитивное снижение в среднем и пожилом возрасте. 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