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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">fcmedicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Фундаментальная и клиническая медицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Fundamental and Clinical Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2500-0764</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-0941</issn><publisher><publisher-name>КемГМУ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23946/2500-0764-2022-7-3-54-63</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">fcmedicine-573</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Создание генетически модифицированных бактериофагов для лечения инфекций, вызванных полирезистентными бактериями (Обзор)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Genetically modified bacteriophages creating for the treatment of infections caused by multidrug resistant bacteria (review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5166-9677</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Багандова</surname><given-names>К. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bagandova</surname><given-names>K. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Багандова Калимат Магомедовна, аспирант, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории клинической  микробиологии и биотехнологии бактериофагов</p><p>125212, г. Москва, ул. Адмирала Макарова, д.10  </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Dr. Kalimat M. Bagandova, MD, PhD student, Junior Research Fellow, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Biotechnology of Bacteriophages</p><p>10, Admirala Makarova Street, Moscow, 125212, Russian Federation </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kallybagandova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5920-8098</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зулькарнеев</surname><given-names>Э. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zulkarneev</surname><given-names>E. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зулькарнеев Эльдар Ринатович, кандидат биологических наук,</p><p>119121, г. Москва, ул. Погодинская, д. 10, стр. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Eldar R. Zulkarneev, PhD, Senior Research Fellow</p><p>Building 4, 10, Pogodinskaya Street, Moscow, 119121, Russian Federation </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киселева</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kiseleva</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>125212, г. Москва, ул. Адмирала Макарова, д.10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Irina A. Kiseleva </p><p>10, Admirala Makarova Street, Moscow, 125212, Russian Federation </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0046-9226</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мизаева</surname><given-names>Т. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mizaeva</surname><given-names>T. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мизаева Тоита Эдалбековна, аспирант, младший научныйсотрудник лаборатории клинической микробиологии ибиотехнологии бактериофагов</p><p>125212, г. Москва, ул. Адмирала Макарова, д.10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Dr. Toita E. Mizaeva, MD, PhD student, Junior Research Fellow, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Biotechnology of Bacteriophages</p><p>10, Admirala Makarova Street, Moscow, 125212, Russian Federation </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4724-2464</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воробьев</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vorobev</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Воробьев Алексей Максимович, аспирант, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории клинической микробиологии и биотехнологии бактериофагов </p><p>125212, г. Москва, ул. Адмирала Макарова, д.10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Alexey M. Vorobyev, MD, PhD student, Junior Research Fellow, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Biotechnology of Bacteriophages </p><p>10, Admirala Makarova Street, Moscow, 125212, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0288-2188</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ефимова</surname><given-names>О. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Efimova</surname><given-names>O. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ефимова Ольга Георгиевна, кандидат медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории клинической микробиологии и биотехнологии бактериофагов </p><p>125212, г. Москва, ул. Адмирала Макарова, д.10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Olga G. Efimova, MD, PhD, Leading Research Fellow, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Biotechnology of Bacteriophages </p><p>10, Admirala Makarova Street, Moscow, 125212, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4321-7563</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Медведовская</surname><given-names>М. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Medvedovskaya</surname><given-names>M. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Медведовская Мария Павловна, аспирант, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории клинической микробиологии и биотехнологии бактериофагов </p><p>125212, г. Москва, ул. Адмирала Макарова, д.10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Maria P. Medvedovskaya, MD, PhD student, Junior Research Fellow, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Biotechnology of Bacteriophages </p><p>10, Admirala Makarova Street, Moscow, 125212, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6223-1347</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пасивкина</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pasivkina</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пасивкина Мария Антоновна, аспирант, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории клинической микробиологии и биотехнологии бактериофагов  </p><p>125212, г. Москва, ул. Адмирала Макарова, д.10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Maria A. Pasivkina, MD, PhD student, Junior Research Fellow, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Biotechnology of Bacteriophages </p><p>10, Admirala Makarova Street, Moscow, 125212, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6223-1347</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алешкин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aleshkin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алешкин Андрей Владимирович, член-корреспондент РАН, доктор биологических наук, профессор РАН, руководитель лаборатории клинической микробиологии и биотехнологии бактериофагов</p><p>125212, г. Москва, ул. Адмирала Макарова, д.10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Prof. Andrey V. Aleshkin, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences; DSc, Professor, Head of the Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Biotechnology of Bacteriophages </p><p>10, Admirala Makarova Street, Moscow, 125212, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Московский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии им Г. Н. Габричевского» Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>G. N. Gabrichevsky Moscow Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФКУЗ «Противочумный центр» Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Anti-Plague Center of the Federal Service for the Oversight of Consumer Protection and Welfare</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>54</fpage><lpage>63</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Багандова К.М., Зулькарнеев Э.Р., Киселева И.А., Мизаева Т.Э., Воробьев А.М., Ефимова О.Г., Медведовская М.П., Пасивкина М.А., Алешкин А.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Багандова К.М., Зулькарнеев Э.Р., Киселева И.А., Мизаева Т.Э., Воробьев А.М., Ефимова О.Г., Медведовская М.П., Пасивкина М.А., Алешкин А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bagandova K.M., Zulkarneev E.R., Kiseleva I.A., Mizaeva T.E., Vorobev A.M., Efimova O.G., Medvedovskaya M.P., Pasivkina M.A., Aleshkin A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fcm.kemsmu.ru/jour/article/view/573">https://fcm.kemsmu.ru/jour/article/view/573</self-uri><abstract><p>Антибиотикорезистентность является актуальной проблемой современной медицины в связи с распространением штаммов микроорганизмов с множественной лекарственной устойчивостью. До сих пор продолжается поиск альтернативных способов лечения инфекционных заболеваний, вызванных бактериями. Один из таких подходов, вызывающий значительный интерес, − фаготерапия, в которой бактериофаги используются в качестве действующего вещества. Фаги являются селективными агентами, проявляющими литическую активность в отношении конкретных бактериальных штаммов, в отличие от антибиотиков, большинство из которых обладает широким спектром действия. Выделение природного фага − многоэтапный, кропотливый и трудоемкий процесс, при этом физиология полученных фагов часто плохо изучена, что может приводить к различным несоответствиям на протяжении производства и создания продукта несоответствующего качества. Разработка биотехнологических методов позволяет в настоящее время расширить возможности фаговой терапии за счёт создания биоинженерных бактериофагов. Проведенные исследования по использованию таких фагов в лечении инфекций, вызванных бактериями с множественной устойчивостью к лекарственным препаратам, показали, что фаговая терапия может быть эффективной и как альтернатива, и как дополнение при антибиотикотерапии. Преимущество генномодифицированных фагов – это, в первую очередь, возможность получения бактериофагов с измененным, расширенным спектром литической активности. Примененные модификации позволят разработать фаги, нацеленные на гены антибиотикорезистентности, такие как эфлюксные насосы; для использования в сочетании с антибиотиками для усиления бактерицидной активности; а также фаги, обладающие низкой иммуногенностью (путем нахождения мутаций и модификаций, уменьшающих либо скорость элиминации фагов при участии ретикулоэндотелиальной системы, либо объем бактериального лизиса).</p><p>Создание различных вариантов бактериофагов с уникальными характеристиками даст возможность преодолеть имеющиеся недостатки, которыми обладают природные бактериофаги, для активного внедрения их в профилактику и терапию бактериальных заболеваний. Приведены описания проводимых в мире исследований в области разработки и получения бактериофагов с модифицированными свойствами. Показана эффективность данного подхода для лечения инфекций, вызванных полирезистентными возбудителями, а также перспективность дальнейшей работы в этом направлении.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Antibiotic resistance represents an urgent and unresolved issue due to a rapid spread of multidrug-resistance organisms (MDROs). An alternative approach is the medical use of bacteriophages which have selective and lytic activity against specific bacterial strains, in contrast to broad-spectrum antibiotics. Isolation of bacteriophages is a multi-step, tedious, and labour-intensive technique, and physiology of various bacteriophages has been vaguely studied. These drawbacks hamper the flow production of bacteriophage preparations and require a stringent quality control. Here, we review the existing literature on genetically modified bacteriophages, in particular studies which examined efficacy of such bacteriophages for the treatment of multidrug-resistant infections. Genetically modified bacteriophages showed high efficiency in patients with multidrug-resistant infections applied either as a main treatment modality or as an adjuvant therapy added to the antibiotic treatment protocols. The key advantage of genetically modified bacteriophages is broader and higher lytic activity, as they can target antibiotic resistance genes such as efflux pumps, and low immunogenicity which delays their elimination by immune cells. We propose that genetically modified bacteriophages are able to overcome the shortcomings of natural bacteriophages and can be implemented for the prevention and treatment of bacterial infections, in particular those caused by MDROs.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бактериофаги</kwd><kwd>генетическая инженерия</kwd><kwd>антибиотикорезистентность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bacteriophages</kwd><kwd>genetic engineering</kwd><kwd>antibiotic resistance</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bikard D, Euler CW, Jiang W, Nussenzweig PM, Goldberg GW, Duportet X, Fischetti VA, Marraffini LA. Exploiting CRISPR-Cas nucleases to produce sequence-specific antimicrobials. 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