<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">fcmedicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Фундаментальная и клиническая медицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Fundamental and Clinical Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2500-0764</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-0941</issn><publisher><publisher-name>КемГМУ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23946/2500-0764-2023-8-2-67-76</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">fcmedicine-716</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Имитационное моделирование распространения возбудителей острых респираторных вирусных инфекций у медицинских сотрудников стоматологических организаций</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Simulation of acute respiratory viral infections pathogen spread in dentists</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8584-9219</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>Д. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>D. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иванов Данил Юрьевич, аспирант кафедры эпидемиологии, инфекционных болезней и дерматовенерологии</p><p>650056, г. Кемерово, ул. Ворошилова, д. 22а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Danil Yu. Ivanov, MD, PhD Student, Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Diseases, Dermatology, and Venereology</p><p>22a, Voroshilova Street, Kemerovo, 650056</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ivanovdanil1991@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9380-0901</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дроздова</surname><given-names>О. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Drozdova</surname><given-names>O. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дроздова Ольга Михайловна, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, профессор кафедры эпидемиологии, инфекционных болезней и дерматовенерологии</p><p>650056, г. Кемерово, ул. Ворошилова, д. 22а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Prof. Olga M. Drozdova, MD, DSc, Professor, Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Diseases, Dermatology, and Venereology</p><p>22a, Voroshilova Street, Kemerovo, 650056</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3475-9125</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захарова</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharova</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Захарова Юлия Викторовна, доктор медицинских наук, доцент, профессор кафедры микробиологии и вирусологии</p><p>650056, г. Кемерово, ул. Ворошилова, д. 22а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Prof. Yuliа V. Zakharova, MD, DSc, Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology and Virology</p><p>22a, Voroshilova Street, Kemerovo, 650056</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9851-1604</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тё</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Te</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тё Елена Александровна, Заслуженный врач РФ, профессор, доктор медицинских наук, заведующая кафедрой терапевтической стоматологии</p><p>650056, г. Кемерово, ул. Ворошилова, д. 22а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Prof. Elena A. Te, MD, DSc, Professor, Head of the Department of Therapeutic Dentistry</p><p>22a, Voroshilova Street, Kemerovo, 650056</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8421-6997</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шелепанова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shelepanova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шелепанова Ольга Анатольевна, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, доцент кафедры терапевтической стоматологии</p><p>650056, г. Кемерово, ул. Ворошилова, д. 22а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Olga A. Shelepanova, MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Therapeutic Dentistry</p><p>22a, Voroshilova Street, Kemerovo, 650056</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Кемеровский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kemerovo State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>67</fpage><lpage>76</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Иванов Д.Ю., Дроздова О.М., Захарова Ю.В., Тё Е.А., Шелепанова О.А., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Иванов Д.Ю., Дроздова О.М., Захарова Ю.В., Тё Е.А., Шелепанова О.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ivanov D.Y., Drozdova O.M., Zakharova Y.V., Te E.A., Shelepanova O.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fcm.kemsmu.ru/jour/article/view/716">https://fcm.kemsmu.ru/jour/article/view/716</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. В имитационном моделировании изучить воздушно-капельный путь передачи острых респираторных вирусных инфекций у медицинского персонала стоматологических медицинских организаций.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Для изучения роли воздушно-капельного пути передачи острых респираторных вирусных инфекций (ОРВИ) у медицинского персонала стоматологических поликлиник в процессе лечения разработана имитационная модель, в которой в качестве модели вируса использован бактериофаг E. coli, входящий в состав препарата «Интести-бактериофаг». Бактерией-хозяином служил штамм Escherichia coli М-17, входящий в состав лечебного препарата «Колибактерин». Титр фага по Аппельману составил 10-5 БОЕ/мл. Эксперимент проводился в условиях стоматологического кабинета поликлиники с участием медицинского персонала и предусматривал контаминацию бактериофагом полости рта стоматологического манекена (A-Dec Simulator REF: 4820) во время лечения кариеса с применением аэрозольгенерирующих технологий и обнаружением его во внешней среде. Распространение бактериофага оценивали в 5 сериях эксперимента на основании выделения его в пробах воздуха стоматологического кабинета (n = 50), смывов с поверхностей инструментов и оборудования (n = 90), средств индивидуальной защиты врача-стоматолога (n = 80).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Установлена интенсивная контаминация бактериофагом во время лечения кариеса у манекена с применением аэрозольгенерирующих технологий объектов внешней среды. Фаг выделен во всех пробах воздуха в зоне лечения (100,00% [95% ДИ 47,82-134,48]) и в 20% проб на расстоянии 160 см – в зоне выхода из кабинета. Бактериофаг, распространяясь воздушными потоками, контаминировал СИЗ врача: защитные очки, перчатки, рукава халата в 100,00% [95% ДИ 47,82-134,48]) проб, внутреннюю поверхность очков (40,00% [95% ДИ 5,27-85,34]) и медицинской маски (80,00% [95% ДИ 28,36-99,49]).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Разработана имитационная модель, которая обеспечивает биологическую безопасность, позволяет изучить воздушно-капельный путь распространения возбудителей ОРВИ при оказании стоматологической помощи. Установлена интенсивная контаминация фагом воздуха стоматологического кабинета в зоне лечения и средств индивидуальной защиты, а также внутренних поверхностей медицинской маски и защитных очков врача-стоматолога. Детальное изучение воздушно-капельного пути передачи инфекции в стоматологической практике необходимо для совершенствования профилактики ОРВИ у медицинского персонала.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To study the airborne transmission of acute respiratory viral infections (ARVIs) in medical care workers of dental clinics.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. We developed a simulation model in which the bacteriophage E. coli, which is a part of the drug "Intesti-bacteriophage", was used as a model of the virus. The host bacterium was Escherichia coli strain M-17, which is part of the Kolibakterin drug. The phage titer according to Appelman was 10-5 plaque-forming units per mL. The experiment was conducted in outpatient care dental office with the participation of medical care workers and implied the contamination of the dental dummy oral cavity by the bacteriophage (A-Dec Simulator REF: 4820) during the treatment of tooth decay by means of aerosol-generating technologies and further detection of the bacteriophage in the environment. Bacteriophage spread was evaluated in 5 series of experiments by collecting the samples from dental office air (n = 50), surfaces of equipment (n = 90), and personal protective equipment of a dentist (n = 80).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. We found an intensive contamination by bacteriophages during the treatment of tooth decay with the use of aerosol-generating technologies. Phage was isolated in all air samples in the treatment area (100.00% [95% CI 47.82-134.48]) and in 20% of samples at a distance of 160 cm (near the exit). Bacteriophages spread by air currents contaminated the personal protective equipment: protective glasses, gloves, and sleeves of a robe in 100.00% [95% CI 47.82-134.48]) of samples. We have also found a frequent contamination of the inner surface of glasses (40.00% [95% CI 5.27-85.34]) and a medical mask (80.00% [95% CI 28.36-99.49]).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. We developed a model to study the airborne transmission of ARVI pathogens spread during dental care. Intensive phage contamination of the dental office air and personal protective equipment has been established. A detailed study of the airborne transmission of ARVIs is necessary to improve their prevention in dental workers.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>стоматология</kwd><kwd>персонал</kwd><kwd>респираторные инфекции</kwd><kwd>вирусы</kwd><kwd>воздушно-капельный путь передачи</kwd><kwd>аэрозольгенерирующие технологии</kwd><kwd>бактериофаг</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>dentistry</kwd><kwd>medical care workers</kwd><kwd>respiratory infections</kwd><kwd>viruses</kwd><kwd>airborne transmission</kwd><kwd>aerosol-generating technologies</kwd><kwd>bacteriophages</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Петерсен П.Э., Кузьмина Э.М. Распространенность стоматологических заболеваний. Факторы риска и здоровье полости рта. Основные проблемы общественного здравоохранения. Dentalforum. 2017;1:2-11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Petersen PE, Kuzmina EM. Prevalence of dental diseases. Risk factors and oral health. The main problems of public health. Dentalforum. 2017;1:2-11. (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Global Burden of Disease Collaborative Network. Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019). Seattle: Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME); 2020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Global Burden of Disease Collaborative Network. Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019). Seattle: Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME); 2020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Анализ рынка стоматологических услуг в России в 2017-2021 гг., прогноз на 2022-2026 гг. Перспективы рынка в условиях санкций. BusinesStat; 2022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Analysis of the dental services market in Russia in 2017-2021, forecast for 2022-2026. Market prospects in the context of sanctions. BusinesStat, 2022 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jain M., Mathur A., Mathur A., Mukhi P.U., Ahire M., Pingal C. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of bacterial aerosols in dental clinical settings: Risk exposure towards dentist, auxiliary staff, and patients. J. Family Med. Prim. Care. 2020;9(2):1003-1008. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_863_19</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jain M, Mathur A, Mathur A, Mukhi PU, Ahire M, Pingal C. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of bacterial aerosols in dental clinical settings: Risk exposure towards dentist, auxiliary staff, and patients. J Family Med Prim Care. 2020;9(2):1003-1008. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_863_19</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Innes N., Johnson I.G., Al-Yaseen W., Harris R., Jones R., Kc S., McGregor S., Robertson M., Wade W.G., Gallagher J.E. A systematic review of droplet and aerosol generation in dentistry. J. Dent. 2021;105:103556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103556</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Innes N, Johnson IG, Al-Yaseen W, Harris R, Jones R, Kc S, McGregor S, Robertson M, Wade WG, Gallagher JE. A systematic review of droplet and aerosol generation in dentistry. J Dent. 2021;105:103556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103556</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gallagher J.E., K C S Johnson I.G., Al-Yaseen W., Jones R., McGregor S., Robertson M., Harris R., Innes N., Wade W.G. A systematic review of contamination (aerosol, splatter and droplet generation) associated with oral surgery and its relevance to COVID-19. BDJ Open. 2020;6:25. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41405-020-00053-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gallagher JE, K C S, Johnson IG, Al-Yaseen W, Jones R, McGregor S, Robertson M, Harris R, Innes N, Wade WG. A systematic review of contamination (aerosol, splatter and droplet generation) associated with oral surgery and its relevance to COVID-19. BDJ Open. 2020;6:25. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41405-020-00053-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Силин А.В., Зуева Л.П., Сатыго Е.А., Молчановская М.А. Эпидемиологические особенности и инфекционный контроль при COVID-19 в стоматологической практике (научный обзор). Профилактическая и клиническая медицина. 2020;2(75):5-10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Silin AV, Zueva LP, Satygo EA, Molchanovskaya MA. Epidemiological features and infection control in COVID-19 in dental practice (scientific review). Preventive and clinical medicine. 2020;2 (75):5-10. (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Яцышина С.Б., Мамошина М.В., Елькина М.А., , Шарухо Г.В., Распопова Ю.И., Фольмер А.Я., Агапов К.А., Владимиров И.М., Зубарева О.В., Новикова И.С., Бондарева О.Б., Гиль В.А., Козловских Д.Н., Романов С.В., Диконская О.В., Пономарева А.В., Чистякова И.В., Кочнева Н.И., Юровских А.И., Кадникова Е.П., Килячина А.С., Лучинина С.В., Косарева Р.Р., Чиркова Г.Г., Валеуллина Н.Н., Лебедева Л.А., Детковская Т.Н., Аббасова Е.И., Романова О.Б., Пятырова Е.В., Акимкин В.Г. Распространённость возбудителей ОРВИ, гриппа и COVID-19 у лиц без симптомов респираторной инфекции. Журнал микробиологии, эпидемиологии и иммунобиологии. 2021;98(4):383-396. https://doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-152</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yatsyshina SB, Mamoshina MV, Yelkina MA, Sharukho GV, Raspopova YU, Folmer AYA, Agapov KA, Vladimirov IM, Zubareva OV, Novikova IS, Bondareva OB, Gil VA, Kozlovskikh DN, Romanov SV, Dikonskaya OV, Ponomareva AV, Chistyakova IV, Kochneva NI, Yurovskikh AI, Kadnikova EP, Kilyachina AS, Luchinina SV, Kosareva RR, Chirkova GG, Valeullina NN, Lebedeva LA, Detkovskaya TN, Abbasova EI, Romanova OB, Pyatyrova EV. The prevalence of SARS, influenza and COVID-19 pathogens in people without symptoms of respiratory infection. Journal of Microbiology, Epidemiology and Immunobiology. 2021;98(4):383-396. https://doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-152 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Health Organization. 2020. Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: implications for infection prevention precautions [accessed 2023 Jan 29]. Scientific Brief. WHO/2019-nCoV/Sci_Brief/Transmission_modes/2020.3. Ссылка активна на 15.05.2023. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/modes-of-transmission-of-virus-causing-covid-19-implications-for-ipc-precaution-recommendations.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Health Organization. 2020. Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: implications for infection prevention precautions [accessed 2023 Jan 29]. Scientific Brief. WHO/2019-nCoV/Sci_Brief/Transmission_ modes/2020.3. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/modes-of-transmission-of-virus-causing-covid-19-implicationsfor-ipc-precaution-recommendations. Accessed: May 15, 2023.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Turkistani K.A., Turkistani K.A. Dental Risks and Precautions during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review. J. Int. Soc. Prev. Community Dent. 2020;10(5):540-548. https://doi.org/10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_295_20</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Turkistani KA, Turkistani KA. Dental Risks and Precautions during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2020; 21;10(5):540-548. https://doi.org/10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_295_20</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Matys J., Grzech-Leśniak K.. Dental Aerosol as a Hazard Risk for Dental Workers. Materials (Basel). 2020;13(22):5109. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13225109</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matys J, Grzech-Leśniak K. Dental Aerosol as a Hazard Risk for Dental Workers. Materials (Basel). 2020;13(22):5109. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13225109</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">CDC Interim Infection Prevention and Control Recommendations for Healthcare Personnel During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic. Ссылка активна на 15.05.2025. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/infection-control-recommendations.html</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">CDC Interim Infection Prevention and Control Recommendations for Healthcare Personnel During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/infection-control-recommendations.html. Accessed: May 15, 2023.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аэрогенный механизм передачи инфекции / под ред. Е.Б. Брусиной. Кемерово: КемГМУ, 2022. 171 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aerogenic mechanism of infection transmission / E. B. Brusina, edit. Kemerovo: KemSMU, 2022. 171 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jackson T., Deibert D., Wyatt G., Durand-Moreau Q., Adisesh A., Khunti K., Khunti S., Smith S., Chan X.H.S., Ross L., Roberts N., Toomey E., Greenhalgh T., Arora I., Black S.M., Drake J., Syam N., Temple R., Straube S. Classification of aerosol-generating procedures: a rapid systematic review. BMJ Open Respir. Res. 2020;7(1):e000730. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjresp-2020-000730</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jackson T, Deibert D, Wyatt G, Durand-Moreau Q, Adisesh A, Khunti K, Khunti S, Smith S, Chan XHS, Ross L, Roberts N, Toomey E, Greenhalgh T, Arora I, Black SM, Drake J, Syam N, Temple R, Straube S. Classification of aerosol-generating procedures: a rapid systematic review. BMJ Open Respir Res. 2020;7(1):e000730. https:// doi.org/10.1136/bmjresp-2020-000730</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jain M., Mathur A., Mathur A., Mukhi P.U., Ahire M., Pingal C. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of bacterial aerosols in dental clinical settings: Risk exposure towards dentist, auxiliary staff, and patients. J. Family Med. Prim. Care. 2020;9(2):1003-1008. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_863_19</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jain M, Mathur A, Mathur A, Mukhi PU, Ahire M, Pingal C. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of bacterial aerosols in dental clinical settings: Risk exposure towards dentist, auxiliary staff, and patients. J Family Med Prim Care. 2020;9(2):1003-1008. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_863_19</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Иванов Д.Ю., Дроздова О.М. Эпидемиологическая характеристика острых респираторных инфекций у медицинских работников стоматологических поликлиник. Фундаментальная и клиническая медицина. 2021;6(4):90-97. https://doi.org/10.23946/2500-0764-2021-6-4-90-97</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivanov DYu, Drozdova OM. Epidemiological characteristics of acute respiratory infections in medical workers of dental clinics. Fundamental and clinical medicine. 2021;6(4):90-97. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.23946/2500-0764-2021-6-4-90-97</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Брусина Е.Б., Чезганова Е.А., Дроздова О.М. Аэрогенный механизм передачи больничных патогенов. Фундаментальная и клиническая медицина. 2020;5(4):97-103. https://doi.org/10.23946/2500-0764-2020-5-4-97-103</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brusina EB, Chezganova EA, Drozdova OM. Aerogenic mechanism of transmission of hospital pathogens/ Fundamental and clinical medicine. 2020.5(4): 97-103. (in Russ). https://doi.org/10.23946/2500-0764-2020-5-4-97-103</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zemouri C., Awad S.F., Volgenant C.M.C., Crielaard W., Laheij A.M.G.A., de Soet J.J. Modeling of the Transmission of Coronaviruses, Measles Virus, Influenza Virus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Legionella pneumophila in Dental Clinics. J. Dent. Res. 2020;99(10):1192-1198. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034520940288</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zemouri C, Awad SF, Volgenant CMC, Crielaard W, Laheij AMGA, de Soet JJ. Modeling of the Transmission of Coronaviruses, Measles Virus, Influenza Virus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Legionella pneumophila in Dental Clinics. J Dent Res. 2020;99(10):1192-1198. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034520940288</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Komperda J., Peyvan A., Li D., Kashir B., Yarin A.L., Megaridis C.M., Mirbod P., Paprotny I., Cooper L.F., Rowan S., Stanford C., Mashayek F. Computer simulation of the SARS-CoV-2 contamination risk in a large dental clinic. Phys Fluids (1994). 2021;33(3):033328. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0043934</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Komperda J, Peyvan A, Li D, Kashir B, Yarin AL, Megaridis CM, Mirbod P, Paprotny I, Cooper LF, Rowan S, Stanford C, Mashayek F. Computer simulation of the SARS-CoV-2 contamination risk in a large dental clinic. Phys Fluids (1994). 2021;33(3):033328. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0043934</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vernon J.J., Black E.V.I., Dennis T., Devine D.A., Fletcher L., Wood D.J., Nattress B.R. Dental Mitigation Strategies to Reduce Aerosolization of SARS-CoV-2. J. Dent. Res. 2021;100(13):1461-1467. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345211032885</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vernon JJ, Black EVI, Dennis T, Devine DA, Fletcher L, Wood DJ, Nattress BR. Dental Mitigation Strategies to Reduce Aerosolization of SARS-CoV-2. J Dent Res. 2021;100(13):1461-1467. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345211032885</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krupovic M., Bamford D.H. Virus evolution: how far does the double beta-barrel viral lineage extend? Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2008;6(12):941-948. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro2033.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krupovic M, Bamford DH. Virus evolution: how far does the double beta-barrel viral lineage extend? Nat Rev Microbiol. 2008;6(12):941-948. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro2033</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vernon J.J., Black E.V.I., Dennis T., Devine D.A., Fletcher L., Wood D.J., Nattress B.R. Dental Mitigation Strategies to Reduce Aerosolization of SARS-CoV-2. J. Dent. Res. 2021;100(13):1461-1467. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345211032885</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vernon JJ, Black EVI, Dennis T, Devine DA, Fletcher L, Wood DJ, Nattress BR. Dental Mitigation Strategies to Reduce Aerosolization of SARS-CoV-2. J Dent Res. 2021 Dec;100(13):1461-1467. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345211032885.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yoon J.G., Yoon J., Song J.Y., Yoon S.Y., Lim C.S., Seong H., Noh J.Y., Cheong H.J., Kim W.J. Clinical Significance of a High SARSCoV-2 Viral Load in the Saliva. J. Korean Med. Sci. 2020;35(20):e195. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e195.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yoon JG, Yoon J, Song JY, Yoon SY, Lim CS, Seong H, Noh JY, Cheong HJ, Kim WJ. Clinical Significance of a High SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load in the Saliva. J Korean Med Sci. 2020;35(20):e195. https:// doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e195</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ionescu A.C., Brambilla E., Manzoli L., Orsini G., Gentili V., Rizzo R. Aerosols modification with H2O2 reduces airborne contamination by dental handpieces. J. Oral Microbiol. 2021;13(1):1881361. https://doi.org/10.1080/20002297.2021.1881361.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ionescu AC, Brambilla E, Manzoli L, Orsini G, Gentili V, Rizzo R. Aerosols modification with H2O2 reduces airborne contamination by dental handpieces. J Oral Microbiol. 2021;13(1):1881361. https://doi.org/10.1080/20002297.2021.1881361.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
