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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">fcmedicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Фундаментальная и клиническая медицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Fundamental and Clinical Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2500-0764</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-0941</issn><publisher><publisher-name>КемГМУ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23946/2500-0764-2024-9-3-109-119</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">fcmedicine-906</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Агентное моделирование распространения инфекционных болезней: теория и практика (аналитический обзор)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Agent-based modeling of spreading infectious diseases: state-of-the-art</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3629-4712</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саперкин</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Saperkin</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Саперкин Николай Валентинович, кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры эпидемиологии, микробиологии и доказательной медицины</p><p>603095, г. Нижний Новгород, пл. Минина и Пожарского, д. 10/1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Nikolay V. Saperkin, MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Epidemiology, Microbiology and Evidence-Based Medicine</p><p>10/1, Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603095</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">saperkinnv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Приволжский исследовательский медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Privolzhsky Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>109</fpage><lpage>119</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Саперкин Н.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Саперкин Н.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Saperkin N.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fcm.kemsmu.ru/jour/article/view/906">https://fcm.kemsmu.ru/jour/article/view/906</self-uri><abstract><p>Имитационное агентное моделирование предоставляет исследователю дополнительные возможности изучения закономерностей распространения возбудителя среди людей с учетом сложности и стохастического характера эпидемического процесса инфекционного заболевания. Под агентным моделированием понимают вычислительный подход, при котором агенты с заданными характеристиками взаимодействуют друг с другом и с внешней средой в соответствии с заранее заданными правилами. Основной предметной областью в данном обзоре литературы выступили обобщенные и специфические модели. В аналитическом обзоре литературы приведена краткая историческая справка становления методологии агентного моделирования в сфере эпидемиологии инфекционных болезней, приводятся основные термины и определения. Сильные и слабые стороны агентного моделирование ‒ это еще один раздел, также предусмотренный данным обзором литературы. Автор обсуждает подходы к классификации агентных моделей. Особое внимание уделено структуре таких моделей, что важно знать при разработке собственных симуляционных исследований. Подробно описаны 4 взаимосвязанных основных компонента, которые подлежат моделированию, а именно: описание заболевания (пути передачи, особенности инфекционного процесса), популяция, характер передвижений, окружающая среда. В статье поднят вопрос и о необходимости проведения валидации агентных моделей. Внимание читателя обращается на следующие важные особенности агентных имитационных моделей: возможность моделировать разнообразные сценарии в различном масштабе (глобальный, национальный, региональный), допускается взаимодействие агентов друг с другом и с окружающей средой на основе свода правил; возможность использовать в эпидемиологических исследованиях при невозможности контролируемого эксперимента (например, последствия несоблюдения профилактических мер, распространение «культурных патогенов»); агент, имея определенные характеристики, способен принимать различные решения; учет поведенческих аспектов на индивидуальном уровне; возможность использования индивидуальной мобильности и социальных контактов агента; также они хорошо подходят для целей эпидемиологического моделирования, особенно в сфере надзора за инфекционными болезнями, в том числе из категории новых инфекций (COVID-19).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Agent-based simulation modeling provides additional opportunities to study the patterns of pathogen spread among populations, taking into account the complexity and stochasticity of the epidemic process. Agent-based modeling is considered as a computational approach in which agents with predefined characteristics can interact with each other and with the environment according to pre-specified rules. Here I consider the historical background of agent-based modeling in the field of infectious diseases, describe the basic definitions and classifications, and discuss strengths and weaknesses of agent-based modeling. The article details four interconnected main components that are subject to modeling: disease features (transmission routes, features of the infectious process), the population, movement patterns, and the environment. The article also addresses the need for validation of agent-based models. The reader's attention is drawn to the following important features of agent-based simulation models: the ability to model various scenarios on different scales (global, national, regional); the ability to use them in epidemiological studies when controlled experiments are impossible (e.g., consequences of non-compliance with preventive measures, spread of «cultural pathogens»); agents can make different decisions depending on their characteristics; consideration of behavioral aspects at the individual level; the ability to account for individual mobility and social contacts of agents. Agent-based simulation models are also well-suited for epidemiological modeling, particularly in the field of infectious disease surveillance, including emerging infections (e.g., COVID-19).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>прогнозирование</kwd><kwd>имитационное моделирование</kwd><kwd>агентное моделирование</kwd><kwd>эпидемиология</kwd><kwd>комплексные системы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>forecasting</kwd><kwd>simulation modeling</kwd><kwd>agent-based modeling</kwd><kwd>epidemiology</kwd><kwd>complex systems</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">None declared.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Агеева А.Ф. Имитационное моделирование эпидемий: агентный подход. 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