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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">fcmedicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Фундаментальная и клиническая медицина</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Fundamental and Clinical Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2500-0764</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-0941</issn><publisher><publisher-name>КемГМУ</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23946/2500-0764-2024-9-4-107-119</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">fcmedicine-948</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LECTURES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Боли в животе: принципы диагностики ургентной абдоминальной хирургической патологии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Abdominal pain, principles of diagnosis of urgent abdominal surgical pathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0559-8537</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Подолужный</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Podoluzhny</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Подолужный Валерий Иванович, доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры госпитальной хирургии</p><p>650056, г. Кемерово, ул. Ворошилова, д. 22а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Prof. Valery I. Podoluzhny, MD, DSc, Full Professor, Professor of the Department of Hospital Surgery</p><p>22a, Voroshilovа Street, Kemerovo, 650056</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pvi2011@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Кемеровский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kemerovo State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>107</fpage><lpage>119</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Подолужный В.И., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Подолужный В.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Podoluzhny V.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fcm.kemsmu.ru/jour/article/view/948">https://fcm.kemsmu.ru/jour/article/view/948</self-uri><abstract><p>Более 80 % пациентов, обращающихся в дежурный общехирургический стационар, составляют пациенты с жалобами на боли в животе. В работе даны современные представления о динамике заболеваемости часто встречающейся острой абдоминальной хирургической патологии в Кузбассе с 1993 по 2023 годы. Сравнительный анализ проводился между первым и последним десятилетиями и выявил к 2023 году лидирующие позиции острого холецистита – 122 заболевших на сто тысяч населения в год. Этот уровень наблюдался как в первое, так и в третье десятилетие. Среднегодовое число пролеченных с острым панкреатитом увеличилось с 64,3 до 109,6 на сто тысяч жителей, прирост составил 70,4 %. А количество больных с острым аппендицитом, напротив, уменьшилось с 190,8 до 93,5 на сто тысяч, убыль 51 %. Четвёртую позицию занимают пациенты с кишечной непроходимостью, заболеваемость в первое и третье десятилетие составила соответственно 41,7 и 45,2 на сто тысяч, прирост 8,4 %. В динамике тридцатилетнего наблюдения отмечается снижение числа оперированных с перфоративной язвой желудка и 12-перстной кишки на 47,3 %, заболеваемость была соответственно 28,8 и 15,2 на 100 000. Напротив, среднегодовое число пролеченных с ущемлённой грыжей увеличилось на 35,1 %, заболеваемость выросла с 29,9 до 39,8 на сто тысяч жителей области. Сильные, крайне интенсивные боли в животе в начале заболевания наблюдаются у 0,1−2 % госпитализированных с острым крупноочаговым панкреонекрозом, странгуляционной кишечной непроходимостью, перфоративной язвой и острой мезентериальной ишемией. В лекции изложены вопросы диагностики ургентной абдоминальной хирургической патологии с учётом характера, интенсивности и локализации боли. Отдельно рассмотрены вопросы хирургической тактики при разлитых, нелокализованных, крайне интенсивных болях и дифференциальная диагностика с синдромом перитонизма, псевдоперитонитами.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Over 80 % of patients seeking treatment at the general surgical hospital on duty complain of abdominal pain. The paper presents current understanding of the dynamics of incidence of common acute abdominal surgical pathology in Kuzbass from 1993 to 2023. A comparative analysis was conducted between the first and last decades and revealed that acute cholecystitis was the leading cause by 2023 − 122 cases per hundred thousand population per year. This level was observed in both the first and third decades. The average annual number of patients treated for acute pancreatitis increased from 64.3 to 109.6 per hundred thousand residents, an increase of 70.4 %. On the contrary, the number of patients with acute appendicitis decreased from 190.8 to 93.5 per hundred thousand, a decrease of 51%. The fourth position is occupied by patients with intestinal obstruction; the incidence in the first and third decades was 41.7 and 45.2 per hundred thousand, respectively, an increase of 8.4%. In the dynamics of thirty-year observation, there was a decrease in the number of people operated on with perforated gastric and duodenal ulcers by 47.3 %, the incidence was 28.8 and 15.2 per 100,000, respectively. On the contrary, the average annual number of people treated with strangulated hernia increased by 35.1 %, the incidence increased from 29.9 to 39.8 per hundred thousand residents of the region. Severe, extremely intense abdominal pain at the onset of the disease is observed in 0.1−2 % of hospitalized patients with acute large-focal pancreatic necrosis, strangulation intestinal obstruction, perforated ulcer, and acute mesenteric ischemia. The lecture outlines the issues of diagnosing urgent abdominal surgical pathology, taking into account the nature, intensity and localization of pain. Issues of surgical tactics for diffuse, non-localized, extremely intense pain and differential diagnosis with peritonism syndrome and pseudoperitonitis are separately considered.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>боли в животе</kwd><kwd>«острый живот»</kwd><kwd>острый холецистит</kwd><kwd>острый панкреатит</kwd><kwd>острый аппендицит</kwd><kwd>перфоративная язва</kwd><kwd>ущемлённая грыжа</kwd><kwd>кишечная непроходимость</kwd><kwd>острая мезентериальная ишемия</kwd><kwd>заболеваемость</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Abdominal pain</kwd><kwd>«a sharp belly»</kwd><kwd>acute cholecystitis</kwd><kwd>acute pancreatitis</kwd><kwd>acute appendicitis</kwd><kwd>perforated ulcer</kwd><kwd>strangulated hernia</kwd><kwd>intestinal obstruction</kwd><kwd>acute mesenteric ischemia</kwd><kwd>morbidity</kwd><kwd>diagnostics</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wadhwa V., Jobanputra Y., Garg S.K., Patwardhan S., Mehta D., Sanaka M.R. 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