Патогенез акушерских и перинатальных осложнений при метаболическоем синдроме

Цель. Описать акушерские и перинатальные осложнения при метаболическом синдроме с патогенетическим обоснованием. Материалы и методы. Это описательный обзор, основанный на оригинальных исследованиях и обзорных статьях, посвященных акушерским и перинатальным осложнениям при метаболическом синдроме, опубликованных в 2016–2025 гг. и представленных в базах данных PubMed, ScienceDirect, eLibrary. Были использованы следующие методы исследования: интернет-анализ, контент-анализ, исторический, описательно-аналитический. Результаты. Ожирение и метаболический синдром оказывают негативное влияние на исходы матери и плода. Жировая ткань является активным эндокринным органом, который оказывает регулирующее воздействие на сосудистые, метаболические и воспалительные процессы во многих органах и системах и, таким образом, может влиять на акушерские и перинатальные исходы. Заключение. Эпидемия ожирения привлекла внимание к жировой ткани как к важнейшему узлу регуляции системного гомеостаза питательных веществ и энергии. При метаболическом синдроме жировой ткани необходимо адаптироваться к чрезмерной липидной нагрузке с помощью различных стратегий, включающих увеличение размера и количества адипоцитов, а также перестройку состава иммунных клеток и липидного обмена. Неспособность адаптироваться к повышенной пищевой нагрузке приводит к нарушениям функциональности жировой ткани. В результате запускается каскад липотоксических воздействий на другие органы, приводящих к резистентности к инсулину, диабету и связанным с ними метаболическим осложнениям. Эта динамика значительно ускоряется из-за дополнительной метаболической нагрузки, вызванной беременностью.

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