Xenogeneic bone mineral is efficient for the repair of critical-sized rat calvarial defects

Aim. To evaluate the efficiency of bone repair on a critical-sized rat calvarial defect model using our original xenogeneic bone mineral, widely established Geistlich Bio-Oss®, and autologous bone graft.

Materials and Methods. We created a critical-sized calvarial defect in Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 48) and then divided them into 4 groups (unfilled defect, autologous bone graft, Geistlich BioOss® and our original xenogeneic bone mineral, 12 rats per group). Rats were sacrificed upon 4 and 12 months (6 rats per time point) with the following excision of the implant and adjacent tissues. 3D structure, extent of mineralisation, and bone volume were measured by means of microcomputed tomography. Microanatomy of the explants and adjacent tissue was investigated by haematoxylin and eosin staining.

Results. The highest and the lowest bone volume was expectedly detected when the defect was filled with the autologous bone graft or remained unfilled, respectively. Replacement of the defect by the original bone mineral entailed better regeneration as compared to Geistlich Bio-Oss. Bone mineral density, bone thickness and the extent of mineralisation did not differ significantly between the experimental groups and were close to the positive control values, indicating efficient bone repair.

Conclusions. Original xenogeneic bone mineral promotes induction of bone regeneration as compared to Geistlich Bio-Oss®, a commercially available bone mineral widely used in the clinical practice.

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