Поражения кожи у медицинских работников в период пандемии СOVID-19, ассоциированные со средствами индивидуальной защиты

Цель. Обзор результатов опубликованных исследований поражений кожи у медицинских работников, обусловленных средствами индивидуальной защиты.

Материал и методы. Выполнен обзор исследований, опубликованных в базах данных PubMed, OVID, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, eLIBRARY, UpToDate. Изученные статьи написаны на русском и английском языках и опубликованы с 1 января 2020-го по октябрь 2021 года. Для поиска использовались ключевые слова «медицинские работники», «кожа», «дерматозы», «профессиональный», «PPE» в сочетании со словами «COVID-19» и «SARSCoV-2».

Результаты. Контактный дерматит составляет 90% всех случаев заболеваний кожи, причем 20% всех случаев этой патологии приходятся на профессиональный контактный дерматит. В период пандемии COVID-19 в результате продолжительного ношения СИЗ, частого мытья и обработки рук, по разным данным, от 42,8% до 97% медицинских работников сообщили о поражениях кожи в результате повреждающего действия средств индивидуальной защиты. Среди них 61,7% отметили ухудшение ранее существовавшего заболевания кожи, а 90,5% сообщили о появлении новых симптомов поражения кожи, связанных с использованием СИЗ. В числе самых распространенных симптомов поражений кожи у медицинских работников ‒ сухость, зуд, жжение, болезненность кожи и появление на ней высыпаний. Чаще всего у опрошенных медицинских работников регистрировались простой раздражительный и аллергический контактный дерматит, акне, розацеа, себорейный дерматит. Развитие СИЗ-ассоциированных дерматозов зависело от типа СИЗ, материала, из которого они изготовлены, продолжительности использования, наличия кожных заболеваний в анамнезе.

Заключение. Профессиональные дерматозы, связанные с использованием СИЗ, широко распространены среди медицинских работников по всему миру. Это свидетельствует о необходимости поиска новых материалов и средств защиты медицинских работников, правил применения, минимизирующих риск развития СИЗ-ассоциированных поражений кожи.

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