Impact of HIV infection and tuberculosis on life expectancy in Siberian Federal District regions

Aim. To assess the impact of HIV infection and tuberculosis on life expectancy in Siberian Federal District regions for improving the allocation of health resources.

Materials and Methods. We investigated the data on the number of population and mortality (stratified into 5-year age groups) in Siberian Federal District regions. The data have been extracted from the Russian database of fertility and mortality (RosBRiS). Among the indicators, we calculated total mortality, mortality from HIV infection, and mortality from active tuberculosis. Further, we estimated the contribution of deaths from HIV infection and tuberculosis to the reduction of life expectancy.

Results. Regions within the Siberian Federal District were characterised by an unacceptably high incidence of HIV infection and tuberculosis. Life expectancy showed a downward trend from 1991 to 2006 (Irkutsk Region, Krasnoyarsk Region, Republic of Khakassia, and Tomsk Region), 2007 (Novosibirsk Region, Republic of Altai, Republic of Tyva), or 2008 (Altai Territory, Kemerovo Region, and Omsk region). In 2020, the average life expectancy in the Siberian Federal District was 70.9 years, with a minimum registered in the Republic of Tyva (66.25 years), and the maximum documented in the Tomsk region (71.17 years). The contribution of HIV infection and tuberculosis to the decrease in the life expectancy in Siberian Federal District during the study period was estimated as 0.52 years, including 0.12 years due to HIV infection and 0.40 years related to tuberculosis.

Conclusion. The existing volume of preventive measures is insufficient to achieve the target life expectancy (78 years) in the Siberian Federal District to 2030, limiting the expected life expectancy to 75 years at that time point. As the target life expectancy is attainable by 2038 at best, additional resources are required to reduce age-related mortality rates.

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