Эффективность гетерологического деминерализованного костного матрикса для замещения критических костных дефектов свода черепа крыс

Цель. Оценить эффективность гетерологического деминерализованного костного матрикса (ДКМ) для замещения костных дефектов в эксперименте на модели критического дефекта костей свода черепа крыс.
Материалы и методы. Для эксперимента использовали самцов крыс (n = 48) линии Sprague-Dawley возрастом от 4,5 до 6 месяцев. В ходе оперативного вмешательства создавали критический дефект костей свода черепа и замещали его костным аутотрансплантатом, гетерологическим ДКМ или препаратом-компаратором (Geistlich Bio-Oss®) либо оставляли незаполненным (отрицательный контроль). Через 4 или 12 недель выводили крыс из эксперимента и проводили исследование областей дефекта при помощи микроскопической оценки срезов тканей, окрашенных гематоксилином и эозином (доля минерализованной ткани от просвета дефекта) и микрокомпьютерной томографии (объем новообразованной костной ткани, минеральная плотность новообразованной ткани, толщина новообразованных костных элементов и распределение их диаметра).
Результаты. Замещение дефектной области костным аутотрансплантатом, как и ожидалось, показало наилучшие результаты. При применении гетерологического ДКМ и препарата-компаратора наблюдалась выраженное заполнение критического дефекта, при этом статистически значимых различий в показателях репарации костной ткани между разработанным оригинальным прототипом и медицинским изделием сравнения выявлено не было. Микрокомпьютерно-томографический и гистологический методы исследования продемонстрировали конкордантные результаты (эффекты имели сопоставимую степень выраженности).
Заключение. Гетерологический ДКМ эффективен для замещения критических костных дефектов свода черепа крыс.

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