Химические механизмы действия холодной плазмы на клетки

Холодная плазма (ХП) в воздухе над поверхностью суспензий клеток или биологических тканей рассматривается как генератор активных форм кислорода и азота, ионов, сольватированных/акватированных электронов. В обзоре литературы проанализированы современные представления о реализации эффектов ХП в живых системах (с акцентом на роль свободных радикалов и других частиц, генерируемых ХП, в химической модификации биомакромолекул и регуляции сигнальной трансдукции в клетках). Обобщены данные о влиянии продуктов ХП на внутриклеточный окислительно-восстановительный баланс, митохондриальный биогенез, а также клеточные мембраны и органеллы. Обсуждаются ключевые механизмы транспорта продуктов ХП через биологические мембраны с участием механизмов активного транспорта и диффузии. Предполагается, что экспрессия различных транспортных систем будет существенным образом отличаться в клетках на разных стадиях развития, с разным пролиферативным потенциалом, а также в условиях патологии, что определяет важность экспериментальных исследований на разнообразных модельных клеточных системах для оценки того, насколько данная популяция клеток чувствительна к эффектам продуктов, генерируемых ХП. Обсуждаются варианты распространения эффектов ХП вглубь ткани, если генерируемые ХП короткоживущие частицы действуют на клетки ткани с ее поверхности. Приведены данные о том, что воздействие ХП на ткань может быть осуществлено не только непосредственно разрядом, но и растворами, обработанными ХП (фосфатный буфер, раствор Рингера, питательная среда), состав и рН которых после обработки ХП будут существенно различаться, что определяет новые возможности применения самой ХП и растворов, обработанных ХП, в медицине. Изучение молекулярных механизмов действия ХП на биологические системы включает анализ событий, связанных с генерацией и аккумуляцией активных форм кислорода, нейтральных соединений, сольватированных электронов, идентификацию новых клеточных мишеней их действия, что обеспечит создание эффективных и безопасных протоколов применения ХП в биологии и медицине.

неравновесная холодная плазма, активные формы кислорода, активные формы азота, перекись водорода, редокс-баланс, митохондрии, пероксисомы

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