Aspects of using multitasking training in patients with cardiac surger

Aim. Conduct an analytical review of current evidence regarding postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in cardiac patients and evaluate the potential of multitasking trainings as a way of cognitive rehabilitation.
Materials and methods. For this systematic review, contemporary domestic and foreign literature sources were searched in PubMed, Google Scholar, CyberLeninka, eLibrary databases, including original studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses addressing pathogenesis, diagnosis, POCD risk factors, and cognitive rehabilitation techniques, with a focus on computer-based multitasking trainings, including those with using virtual reality (VR) technologies.
Results. The pathogenesis of the interaction of cardiovascular diseases and cognitive disorders was analyzed, key risk factors for the development of POKD were identified. It has been shown that modern approaches to rehabilitation, in particular multitasking trainings (the method of "double tasks") and VR technologies, have significant potential. They contribute to the stimulation of neuroplasticity, activation of extensive neural networks, improvement of cognitive functions (attention, memory, control functions) and can reduce the frequency and severity of POKD. Data from studies demonstrating neurophysiological and biochemical improvements (e.g., increased BDNF) in patients following such trainings are presented.
Conclusion. The use of multitasking training, especially in the format of computer programs and the use of virtual reality technologies, is a promising non-pharmacological personalized approach to the prevention and correction of POCD in cardiac patients. For widespread implementation in clinical practice, the development of unified protocols and further research are necessary.

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