Aim and Scope

The journal "Fundamental and Clinical Medicine" is the official publication of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Kemerovo State Medical University" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Information about Kemerovo State Medical University is available on the website  https://kemsmu.ru

The Kemerovo State Medical University has unique experience in fundamental and clinical health research in the coal mining region.

The aim of the journal "Fundamental and Clinical Medicine" is to provide an open free platform for exchanging advanced results of fundamental and clinical research on common human diseases, reproductive health problems, epidemiological, environmental and hygienic aspects of prevention.

Main objectives:

1. Publication of research results of domestic and foreign scientists in the field of etiology, mechanisms of disease development, typical pathological processes and body reactions to pathogenic factors, clinical practice, new medical prevention technologies that meet modern standards of evidence-based medicine.
2. Facilitating communication between specialists in the field of experimental research, clinical medicine and prevention;
3. Ensuring transparency, compliance with international standards of publication ethics for all participants and at all stages of the publication process;
4. Translation of advanced approaches and research results into healthcare practice.

The journal "Fundamental and Clinical Medicine" provides a synthesis of advanced epidemiological, environmental, fundamental and clinical research, allowing for a comprehensive consideration of the impact of pathogenic factors on human health, current and future trends in the development of medicine.

Our journal is focused on an interdisciplinary approach and is intended for a wide range of researchers, clinicians and specialists in the field of prevention.

Section Policies

ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Open Submissions

Indexed

Peer Reviewed

REVIEW ARTICLES

Open Submissions

Indexed

Peer Reviewed

DISCUSSIONS

Open Submissions

Indexed

Peer Reviewed

LECTURES

Open Submissions

Indexed

Peer Reviewed

CASE REPORTS

Open Submissions

Indexed

Peer Reviewed

EDITORIAL

Open Submissions

Indexed

Peer Reviewed

HYGIENE

Open Submissions

Indexed

Peer Reviewed

EPIDEMIOLOGY

Open Submissions

Indexed

Peer Reviewed

OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY

Open Submissions

Indexed

Peer Reviewed

CARDIOLOGY

Open Submissions

Indexed

Peer Reviewed

PATHOPHISIOLOGY, IMMUNOOGY

Open Submissions

Indexed

Peer Reviewed

INTERNAL MEDICINE

Open Submissions

Indexed

Peer Reviewed

ALLERGOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY

Open Submissions

Indexed

Peer Reviewed

ANESTHESIOLOGY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE

Open Submissions

Indexed

Peer Reviewed

Peer Review Process

1. Initial review of the manuscript to comply with the standards of the Journal.

The Scientific Editor, the Managing Editor or the Executive Secretary provide an initial review of the manuscript within 3-5 days after its submission. 

The Scientific Editor assesses the compliance of the article with the requirements of the Journal for the scientific value (Criteria for assessing the scientific level of the article).

The Executive Secretary or Managing Editor assesses the compliance of the manuscript with the standards of the journal on the basis template of the manuscript presented in the section "Author Guidelines".

If the manuscript does not meet the standards of the Journal or is out of its scope, it is rejected. Resubmission of the manuscript is possible after bringing it into line with the requirements of the journal.

All manuscripts are checked for plagiarism using the anti-plagiarism program “AntiPlagiat”. English-language manuscripts are additionally checked in the plagiarism checker software "iThenticate". The originality of the manuscript must be at least 75%. We expect that the manuscripts submitted for publication will be written in an original style that suggests a new interpretation without using previously published text. Manuscripts with an originality below 75% are not accepted for consideration. If scientific misconduct is alleged, the editor will follow procedures detailed by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE.).

Manuscripts that are within the scope, meet the standards of the Journal and do not contain incorrect borrowing will be sent to reviewers.

2. Peer-review

All scientific articles submitted to the journal “Fundamental and Clinical Medicine” undergo mandatory double-blind review (the reviewer receives the manuscript without the personal data of the authors, and the authors receive the reviewer's opinion without the personal data of the reviewer). Each manuscript is peer-reviewed by 3 reviewers. In case of disagreement between the first reviewers, an additional 4th reviewer is assigned.

We aim to limit the review process to 4 weeks. Leading Russian and international experts in corresponding areas of medicine are invited to perform double-blind peer reviews. The Deputy editor-in-chief or the Science editor choose a reviewer for peer review. The reviewer must have publications for the last 3 years on the subject of the reviewed article. When choosing a reviewer, the editorial board takes into account potential conflicts of interest, so the reviewer cannot be the supervisor, subordinate, or employer of the author, co-author of previous articles, a relative of the author.

For articles where the authors are the editor-in-chief, deputy editor-in-chief, scientific editor, members of the editorial board or the editorial board of the journal, reviewing is necessarily carried out only by external reviewers. Editor delegates handling the peer reviewer of any of their own work submitted to the journal (excluding editorials) to another editor of the journal.

Each reviewer has the right to refuse to do a review if there is any conflict of interest affecting the perception and interpretation of the manuscript. Reviewing is voluntary and free of charge. 

In accordance with the policy of the journal, full texts of reviews of all published articles are uploaded along with articles to the Scientific Electronic Library (eLIBRARY.ru) and are open to library readers, personal data of the reviewers remain closed for library users.

(The Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), the Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA), the World Association of Medical Editors (WAME), Association of Scientific Editors and Publishers (ANRI)). 

The reviewer evaluates the article in accordance with the issues indicated in the Reviewer's Memo. Based on the manuscript review, recommendations provided by the reviewer should be one of the following types (each decision of the reviewer is justified):

• accept submission
• minor revision
• major revision and review
• decline submission

3. Revisions, final submission, and acceptance

In cases where the review has requested changes to the manuscript, authors will be invited to prepare a revision. The decision letter from the editorial office will be sent to the authors. The revision should also be accompanied by a point-by-point response to referees explaining how the manuscript has been changed. The deadline for submission of a revised manuscript is than 2 months.

We kindly request to notify the editor in writing if the author decides to refuse to publish the manuscript. In case the author fails to do so within 3 months after receiving a copy of the initial review, the editorial board takes the manuscript off the register of the journal and notifies the author accordingly.

If the author and reviewers have encountered insoluble contradictions regarding the manuscript, the editorial board has the right to send the manuscript for additional review. In conflict situations, a decision is made Editor in Chief at a meeting of the Editorial Board.

The decision to refuse to publish the manuscript is made at a meeting of the Editorial Board in accordance with the recommendations of reviewers. A manuscript rejected by the Editorial Board is not accepted for reconsideration. A reasoned refusal to publish is sent to the author by e-mail and includes copies of the texts of the conclusions of the reviewers (scientific editor) and the decision of the editorial board.

Author has the right to appeal Editor-in-Chief within 30 days of the article rejection in accordance with the Appeal Mechanism if he does not agree with the editorial board's decision and believes that the article was rejected unfairly editorial decisions regarding acceptance or rejection of articles.

The decision to publish a manuscript is made solely on the basis of its significance, originality, clarity of presentation, and relevance of the research topic to the journal's direction. Research reports that have negative results or challenge the provisions of previously published articles are reviewed on a general basis.

Upon the decision to accept the manuscript for publishing, the editorial office notifies the authors of the scheduled date of publication.

Kindly note that a positive review does not guarantee acceptance, as the final decision in all cases is made by the Editorial board.

 Reviews are kept in the editorial for 5 years and can be transferred to the Higher Attestation Commission upon request.

Publication Frequency

4 выпуска в год

Open Access Policy

The journal “Fundamental and clinical medicine” provides free access to its content to all readers over the age of sixteen, in accordance with the provisions and basic principles of information openness and practical guidelines for research and publication set by the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) and the Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA), the World Association of Medical Editors (WAME), the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

Our open access policy is in accordance with the Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI) definition:

“By "open access" to this [research] literature, we mean its free availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself. The only constraint on reproduction and distribution and the only role for copyright in this domain should be to give authors control over the integrity of their work and the right to be properly acknowledged and cited”.

This journal's “Fundamental and clinical medicine” articles are licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) which allows users to read, copy, distribute and make derivates from the material, as long as the author of the original work is cited properly.

Archiving

• Russian State Library (RSL)
• National Electronic-Information Consortium (NEICON)

Indexation

Articles in "Fundamental and Clinical Medicine " are indexed by several systems:

• Russian Index for Science Citation(RISC) – a database, accumulating information on papers by Russian scientists, published in native and foreign titles. The RSCI project is under development since 2005 by the “Electronic Scientific Library” foundation (ru).
• Google Scholaris a freely accessible web search engine that indexes the full text of scholarly literature across an array of publishing formats and disciplines. The Google Scholar index includes most peer-reviewed online journals of Europe and America's largest scholarly publishers, plus scholarly books and other non-peer-reviewed journals.
• Full-text database "Medical journals and articles" RusMed of the Central Scientific Medical Library

• World Cat
• LENS.ORG
• Cyberleninka
• ROAD

• RNMJ

Publishing Ethics

All staff of Fundamental and Clinical Medicine are expected to follow the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICJME), World Association of Medical Editors (WAME), and The European Association of Science Editors (EASE), Below is a summary of our key expectations for staff of Fundamental and Clinical Medicine, peer-reviewers and authors.

For staff

To act in a balanced, objective and fair way while carrying out their expected duties, without discrimination on grounds of gender, sexual orientation, religious or political beliefs, ethnic or geographical origin of the authors.

To handle submissions for sponsored supplements or special issues in the same way as other submissions, so that articles are considered and accepted solely on their academic merit and without commercial influence.

To adopt and follow reasonable procedures in the event of complaints of an ethical or conflict nature, in accordance with the policies and procedures of the Society where appropriate. To give authors a reasonable opportunity to respond to any complaints. All complaints should be investigated no matter when the original publication was approved. Documentation associated with any such complaints should be retained.

For peer-reviewers

To contribute to the decision-making process, and to assist in improving the quality of the published paper by reviewing the manuscript objectively, in a timely manner

To maintain the confidentiality of any information supplied by the editor or author.

To alert the editor to any published or submitted content that is substantially similar to that under review.

To be aware of any potential conflicts of interest (financial, institutional, collaborative or other relationships between the reviewer and author) and to alert the editor to these, if necessary withdrawing their services for that manuscript.

To follow in his work to «Singapore Statement on Research Integrity»

For authors

To maintain accurate records of data associated with their submitted manuscript, and to supply or provide access to these data, on reasonable request. Where appropriate and where allowed by employer, funding body and others who might have an interest, to deposit data in a suitable repository or storage location, for sharing and further use by others.

To confirm/assert that the manuscript as submitted is not under consideration or accepted for publication elsewhere. Where portions of the content overlap with published or submitted content, to acknowledge and cite those sources. Additionally, to provide the editor with a copy of any submitted manuscript that might contain overlapping or closely related content.

To confirm that all the work in the submitted manuscript is original and to acknowledge and cite content reproduced from other sources. To obtain permission to reproduce any content from other sources.

To be ensure that any studies involving human or animal subjects conform to national, local and institutional laws and requirements (e.g. WMA Declaration of Helsinki, NIH Policy on Use of laboratory Animals, EU Directive on Use of Animals) and confirm that approval has been sought and obtained where appropriate. Authors should obtain express permission from human subjects and respect their privacy.

To declare any potential conflicts of interest (e.g. where the author has a competing interest (real or apparent) that could be considered or viewed as exerting an undue influence on his or her duties at any stage during the publication process).

To notify promptly the journal editor or publisher if a significant error in their publication is identified. To cooperate with the editor and publisher to publish an erratum, addendum, corrigendum notice, or to retract the paper, where this is deemed necessary.

To take full responsibility for any plagiarism of text, image or other type of graphics. Any related misconduct will be dealt in accordance with COPE algorithm.

Disclosure and Conflict of Interest

A conflict of interest is a situation in which a person or organization is involved in multiple interests, financial or otherwise, and serving one interest could involve working against another. Typically, this relates to situations in which the personal interest of an individual or organization might adversely affect a duty owed to make decisions for the benefit of a third party.

All authors must disclose any actual or potential conflict of interest including any financial, personal or other relationships with other people or organizations that could inappropriately influence (bias) their work.

If there is no conflict of interest, the author should also report this. For an example: "The author declares that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this article."

Unpublished materials disclosed in a submitted manuscript must not be used in an editor’s own research without the express written consent of the author. Privileged information or ideas obtained through peer review must be kept confidential and not used for personal advantage.

Editors should recuse themselves (i.e. should ask a co-editor, associate editor or other member of the editorial board instead to review and consider) from considering manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships or connections with any of the authors, companies, or (possibly) institutions connected to the papers.

Reviewers should not consider manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships or connections with any of the authors, companies, or institutions connected to the papers.

Founder

• Kemerovo State Medical University https://kemsmu.ru/

Author fees

Publication in "Fundamental and Clinical Medicine" is free of charge for all the authors.

The publication of the Journal is financed by the Founder.

Advertising

Prepared by the Recommendations on Publication Ethics Policies for Medical Journals WAME.

Advertising materials may be published in the Journal «Fundamental and Clinical Medicine» and on its official website. Products or services being advertised should be germane to (a) the practice of medicine, (b) medical education, or (c) healthcare delivery.

Advertisers bear full responsibility for the authenticity in their advertisement.

All advertising materials must comply with the laws of the Russian Federation and the Federal Law No. 38-FZ of March 13, 2006 On Advertising (with the Amendments and Additions).

Editors have full and final authority for approving print and online advertisements and enforcing advertising policy.

Editorial decisions are not influenced by advertising revenue or reprint potential.

«Fundamental and clinical medicine» reserves the right to refuse any advertisement at its sole discretion for any reason whatsoever, including without limitation for offensive or inappropriate content. Editorial and advertising functions at the journal are independent. Advertisers and donors have no control over editorial material under any circumstances.

Reprinted articles must be published as they originally appeared in the journal (including subsequent corrections); that is, there is no alteration or revision of articles for a supplement or reprint other than corrections. The content of special supplementary issues (if any) are determined only by the usual editorial process and not influenced in any way by the funding source or advertisers. . Advertisements should have a different appearance from editorial material so there is no confusion between the two.

Plagiarism detection

"Fundamental and Clinical Medicine" use native russian-language plagiarism detection software Antiplagiat to screen the submissions. If plagiarism is identified, the COPE guidelines on plagiarism will be followed.

Preprint and postprint Policy

Prior to acceptance and publication in "Fundamental and Clinical Medicine", authors may make their submissions available as preprints on personal or public websites.

As part of submission process, authors are required to confirm that the submission has not been previously published, nor has been submitted. After a manuscript has been published in "Fundamental and Clinical Medicine" we suggest that the link to the article on journal's website is used when the article is shared on personal or public websites.

Glossary (by SHERPA)

Principles on informed consent

The journal "Fundamental and clinical Medicine" relies on the principles of the World Medical Association's (WMA) policy statement - the Declaration of Helsinki - a statement of Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects) and endeavours to ensure compliance with ethical and data collection standards for research involving human subjects. Before beginning research, the researchers should familiarise themselves with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration on informed consent and carry out the research in strict accordance with those principles as set forth below (Articles 25-32 of the Helsinki Declaration are given):

25. Participation by individuals capable of giving informed consent as subjects in medical research must be voluntary. Although, it may be appropriate to consult family members or community leaders, no individual capable of giving informed consent may be enrolled in a research study unless he/she freely agrees.

26 In medical research involving human subjects capable of giving informed consent, each potential subject must be adequately informed of the aims, methods, sources of funding, any possible conflicts of interest, institutional affiliations of the researcher, the anticipated benefits and potential risks of the study and the discomfort it may entail, post-study provisions and any other relevant aspects of the study.  The potential subject must be informed of his right to refuse to participate in the study or to withdraw his consent to participate at any time without reprisal. Special attention should be given to the specific information needs of individual potential subjects as well as the methods used to deliver the information.

After ensuring that the potential subject has understood the information, the physician or another appropriately qualified individual must then seek the potential subject's freely-given informed consent, preferably in writing.  If the consent cannot be expressed in writing, verbal consent must be formally documented and witnessed.

All medical subjects should be given the option of being informed about the general outcome and results of the study.

27. When seeking informed consent for participation in a research study, the physician must be particularly cautious when the potential subject is in a dependent relationship with the physician or may consent under duress. In such situations, the informed consent must be sought by an appropriately qualified individual who is completely independent of this relationship.

28. For a potential research subject who is incapable of giving informed consent, the physician must seek informed consent from his legally authorised representative. These individuals must not be included in a research study that has no likelihood of benefit for them unless it is intended to promote the health of the group represented by the potential subject, the research cannot instead be performed with persons capable of providing informed consent, and the research entails minimal risk and burden.

 When a potential research subject who is deemed incapable of giving informed consent is able to give assent to decisions about participation in research, the physician must seek that assent in addition to the consent of the legally authorised representative. The potential subject's dissent should be respected.

30. Research involving subjects who are physically or mentally incapable of giving consent, for example, unconscious patients, may be done only if the physical or mental condition that prevents giving informed consent is a necessary characteristic of the research group. In such circumstances the physician must seek informed consent from the legally authorised representative. If no such representative is available and if the research cannot be delayed, the study may proceed without informed consent provided that the specific reasons for involving subjects with a condition that renders them unable to give informed consent have been stated in the research protocol and the study has been approved by a research ethics committee. Consent to remain in the research must be obtained as soon as possible from the subject or a legally authorised representative.

31. The physician must fully inform the patient which aspects of their care are related to the research. The refusal of a patient to participate in a study or the patient's decision to withdraw from the study should never adversely affect the patient-physician relationship.

32. For medical research using identifiable human material or data, such as research on material or data contained in biobanks or similar repositories, physicians must seek informed consent for its collection, storage and/or reuse. There may be exceptions where consent would be impossible or impractical to obtain for such research. In such situations, the research may be done only after consideration and approval of a research ethics committee.

Human Rights Policy

When presenting the results of experimental research involving human subjects, the authors should indicate whether the procedures performed adhered to the ethical standards prescribed in the Declaration of Helsinki. If the study was conducted without adherence to the principles of the Declaration, the authors should justify the chosen approach to the study and guarantee that the ethics committee of the organisation in which the study was conducted approved the chosen approach. The authors should be ensure that any studies involving human or animal subjects conform to national, local and institutional laws and requirements and confirm that approval has been sought and obtained where appropriate. Authors should obtain express permission from human subjects and respect their privacy.

Data sharing policy

Authors are encouraged to make the research data that support their publications available but are not required to do so. The decision to publish will not be affected by whether or not authors share their research data.

Definition of research data

This policy applies to the research data that would be required to verify the results of research reported in articles published in the journal «Fundamental and clinical medicine». Research data include data produced by the authors (“primary data”) and data from other sources that are analysed by authors in their study (“secondary data”). Research data includes any recorded factual materials that are used to produce the results in digital and non-digital form. This includes tabular data, code, images, audio, documents, video, maps, raw and/or processed data.

Definition of exceptions

The data that is not a subject to public disclosure may be delivered as follows: deposited in science data repositories with limited access or preliminary anonymised. An author can also publicly deliver metadata only and/or description of the method of access to the data under requests from other scholars.

Data repositories

The preferred mechanism for sharing research data is via data repositories. Please see or https://repositoryfinder.datacite.org/ for help finding research data repositories.

Data citation

The Editorial Board of the Journal «Fundamental and clinical medicine» welcomes access to data under Creative Commons Licenses. Editorial Board of the Journal  «Fundamental and clinical medicine» does not insist on the obligatory use of Creative Commons in case when the data is deposited in the repositories of the third party. The Publisher of the Journal «Fundamental and clinical medicine» does not assert any copyrights for the data submitted by the author together with the article.  

Questions regarding the observation of that policy shall be sent to the executive secretary of the Journal «Fundamental and clinical medicine».

Policy for Use of Artificial Intelligence in the preparation of an article

The Editorial Board of the journal "Fundamental and Clinical Medicine", taking into account the increasing availability and use of generative artificial intelligence tools in scientific research, establishes the following policies regarding how authors, reviewers and editorial board members should work with artificial intelligence-based programs:

1. Chat-bots such as ChatGPT (and similar ones) can under no circumstances be listed as the author of the article or a person who contributed to the preparation of the article. Artificial intelligence-based programs and tools do not meet the requirements of authorship because they are not (and cannot be) responsible for the research submitted, cannot declare the presence and absence of conflicts of interest, and cannot manage copyright.
2. The use of chatbots or other artificial intelligence-based programs is not allowed when writing the text of the article and metadata or for generating illustrations. In some cases, such programs may be useful for text     editing, searching for additional sources of literature, data collection and analysis. However, it should be considered that chatbots often transmit false information to the user (literally "invent" non-existent facts and links to publications that never existed), so authors should check the information received from chatbots.
3. If a program based on artificial intelligence was used for editing the text, searching for additional sources of literature, collecting and analyzing data, it is necessary to indicate this information in the article. Always indicate the version of the program and the date of use. Articles that do not disclose the use of generative artificial intelligence tools and/or have large portions of text generated using artificial intelligence may be rejected
4. Only the author is responsible for the final text of the article submitted to the journal "Fundamental and Clinical Medicine", regardless of which artificial intelligence-based programs and to what extent was used.
5. The Editors of the journal "Fundamental and Clinical Medicine" uses the Anti-Plagiarism module, which allows to detect the generated text.
6. Editors and reviewers cannot share confidential manuscript information with the generative AI chatbot.
7. Journal "Fundamental and Clinical Medicine" shares the position of the international publishing community regarding the use of artificial intelligence in the preparation of scientific articles, as stated in the following documents: Chatbots, Generative AI, and Scholarly Manuscripts (WAME Recommendations on Chatbots and Generative Artificial Intelligence in Relation to Scholarly Publications);  Artificial intelligence (AI) in decision making.

CrossMark

CrossMark is a multi-publisher initiative from Crossref, provides a standard way for readers to locate the authoritative version of an article or other published content. By applying the CrossMark logo, journal " Fundamental and Clinical Medicine " is committing to maintaining the content it publishes and to alerting readers to changes if and when they occur.

Clicking the CrossMark logo on a document will tell you its current status and may also give you additional publication-record information about the document.

Correction and retraction policy

Changes in the article accepted for publication, which went through the stages of peer review and prepress fall into one of three categories:

1. Addendum, 
2. Publisher Correction (Erratum),
3. Author Correction (Corrigendum).

Decisions about types of correction are made by the journal's editors, sometimes with the advice of reviewers, Editorial Council or Editorial Board Members. This process involves consultation with the authors of the paper, but the editors/ Editorial Board Members make the final decision about whether an amendment is required and the category in which the amendment is published.

1. 
   Adding new material to the accepted article that supplements its original content (addendum) requires mandatory reviewing. Additional material is uploaded on the journal's website as a new manuscript with a link to the original article.
   If the new material should replace the original content of the accepted article, the editor may consider the publication of an erratum or a corrigendum.
2. Publisher Corrections (erratum)is published in case of an error (typo, missed change) introduced by the journal in production, which is significant and affects the understanding of the article by the reader. Corrections are not published for simple, obvious typographical errors.
3. Author Corrections (Corrigendum). If the authors consider it necessary to make corrections after the publication of the article (corrigendum), it is necessary to send a written (by email) request with justification to the editorial office of the journal. The final decision on the publication of the correction (corrigendum) is made by the editors of the journal and members of the Editorial Board after assessing the impact of the change on the scientific accuracy and significance of the published article. In some cases, the identification of serious errors and inconsistencies in the published article may require retraction of the article.

Retraction policy

According to the recommendations of Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE Council. COPE Retraction guidelines — English. https://doi.org/10.24318/cope.2019.1.4 ), the withdrawal of the text from the publication (retraction) is possible to correct the published information and notify readers that the publication contains serious flaws or erroneous data that cannot be trusted. Data inaccuracy may result from misconception or deliberate breach.

Retraction is also used to warn readers about cases of redundant publication, plagiarism, peer review manipulation, reuse of material or data without authorization, copyright infringement or some other legal issue (eg, libel, privacy, illegality), unethical research, and/or a failure to disclose a major competing interest that would have unduly influenced interpretations or recommendations.

According to COPE Retraction Guidelines, Editors of the “Fundamental and Clinical Medicine” consider retracting a publication if:

• Clear evidence that the findings are unreliable, either as a result of a major error (eg, miscalculation or experimental error) or as a result of fabrication (eg, of data) or falsification (eg, image manipulation)
• Detection of incorrect borrowings (plagiarism) in the publication;
• The findings have previously been published elsewhere without proper attribution to previous sources or disclosure to the editor, permission to republish, or justification (ie, cases of redundant publication)
• It contains material or data without authorization for use
• copyright has been infringed or there is some other serious legal issue (eg, libel, privacy)
• It reports unethical research
• It has been published solely on the basis of a compromised or manipulated peer review process
• The author(s) failed to disclose a major competing interest (aka, conflict of interest) that, in the view of the editor, would have unduly affected interpretations of the work or recommendations by editors and peer reviewers.

If the author/group of authors find it necessary to withdraw the article, they contact the editorial office, explaining the reason for their decision. If the editorial board agrees to retraction, then it independently retracts the text.

If the editorial board decides to withdraw the text based on its expertise or information received by the editorial board, the author/group of authors is informed of this decision, with a justification for retraction of the article. If the author/team ignores the editorial request, it is appropriate to seek assistance from the Council on the Ethics of Scientific Publications.

Having decided to withdraw the article, the editors indicate the reason for the retraction (if plagiarism is found, indicating the sources of borrowing), as well as the date of retraction. The article and the description of the article remain on the journal's website as part of the corresponding issue of the journal, but the inscription WITHDRAWAL / RETRACTED and the retraction date are applied to the electronic version of the text, the same mark is placed with the article in the table of contents of the issue.

The Council for the Ethics of Scientific Publications and the Scientific Information Base (NEB, CyberLeninka) is provided with a protocol, which indicates the date of the meeting, the composition of the meeting, the results of the examination, a reasoned decision, and a completed form.