Morphological and immunological features of chronic polypous rhinosinusitis depending on the presence of comorbid background

Chronic rhinosinusitis is a heterogeneous and multifactorial inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa and paranasal sinuses.

Aim. To evaluate the morphological and some immunological features of nasal polyps in individuals suffering from chronic rhinosinusitis with various comorbid backgrounds.

Materials and methods. The study included 76 patients with chronic polypous rhinosinusitis and comorbidities such as bronchial asthma(, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The control group consisted of patients without chronic rhinosinusitis or associated comorbidities, operated on for septoplasty. We analyzed the quantitative and qualitative cellular composition of polyp biopsies and mucosal samples from the control group. The concentration of cytokines (IL- 8, IP-10, MCP-1) was determined in blood serum and tissue homogenates using the multiplex analysis system "Human Essential Immune Response Panel" by BioLegend (USA).

Results. The total number of cells per 1 mm2 in polyp tissue was maximum in patients with a history of bronchial asthma and hypertension. In individuals with bronchial asthma, eosinophils and neutrophils prevailed in polyp preparations. In patients with hypertension and without comorbid conditions, lymphocytes prevailed. Biopsy specimens of nasal polyps in patients with COPD had approximately the same number of eosinophils and lymphocytes, with the maximum number of plasma cells. The concentration of IP-10 did not differ significantly in blood serum and tissue homogenate and was maximum in individuals with bronchial asthma. The maximum concentration of IL-8 was recorded in patients with bronchial asthma, and in tissues - in individuals with hypertension. The highest concentration of MCP-1 in both blood serum and polyp tissue homogenates was found in patients with bronchial asthma.

Conclusions. The induction of polyp formation and their cellular composition are influenced by the patient’s comorbid background.

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