Epidemiological Profile of Laryngeal Cancer: Gender Differences, Morphological Patterns, and Survival Rates
https://doi.org/10.23946/2500-0764-2026-11-2-88-101
Abstract
Background. Laryngeal cancer is one of the most common malignant neoplasms of the head and neck region.
Aim. To study the characteristics of morbidity, mortality, morphology and survival in laryngeal cancer among the male and female population using the example of a megalopolis in North-West Russia.
Materials and Methods. An analysis of 4,809 newly diagnosed cases of laryngeal cancer was conducted based on data from the St. Petersburg Population Cancer Registry for the period 2001–2024. Epidemiological, clinical, and statistical methods were used in the study.
Results. The incidence rates of laryngeal cancer in men varied from 7.75 to 8.93 with a maximum level at the age of 60−69 years (34.41 per 100 thousand). The incidence rate in women was significantly lower, but from 2001 to 2024 there was an upward trend from 0.55 to 0.96 (p = 0.001), in the age groups of 40−49 and 60−69 years from 0.37 to 0.74 and 1.16 to 2.27 (p = 0.001) per 100 thousand, respectively. During the studied period, squamous cell carcinoma was detected in 75.3 % of men, while among women, an increase in the proportion of this form of cancer was noted from 60.6 % to 81.7 % (p > 0.05). Among men, the incidence of cases detected for the first time at stage IV of the disease increased from 14.0 % to 27.6 % (p = 0.001), among women from 14.0 % to 31.4 % (p = 0.037). Mortality rates among men varied from 4.32 to 5.56 (p > 0.05), among women they increased from 0.26 to 0.46 per 100 thousand (p = 0.018). Among men and women, 5-year overall survival rates in the early stages of the disease varied, respectively, at the level of 65.8−70.7 % and 76.7−89.2 %, in the late stages – 31.6−36.4 % and 36.0−55.8 %.
Conclusion. Laryngeal cancer is more commonly diagnosed in men; however, in recent years, incidence and mortality rates have increased among women. The high proportion of cases detected at late stages and the low survival rate indicate the need for improved early detection and prevention.
About the Authors
D. V. Kholopov
City Polyclinic № 109
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Dr. Dmitry V. Kholopov, MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), oncologist at the Outpatient Oncology Care Center
Oleko Dundicha Street, 8, Building 2, St. Petersburg, 192283
L. V. Lyalina
Russia Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Institute; North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Prof. Liudmila V. Lyalina, MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Head of the Laboratory of Epidemiology of Infectious and Non-Infectious Diseases; Professor of the Department of Epidemiology, Parasitology, and Disinfection
Mira Street, 14, St. Petersburg, 197101
Kirochnaya Street, 41, St. Petersburg, 191015
V. V. Khizha
Medical Information and Analytical Center
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Dr. Valentin V. Khizha, MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Head of the Department of Medical Statistics of Tumor Diseases
Shkapina Street, 30, St. Petersburg, 198095
E. V. Kasatkin
Russia Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Institute
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Dr. Evgeny V. Kasatkin, MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Researcher at the Laboratory of Epidemiology of Infectious and Non-Infectious Diseases
Mira Street, 14, St. Petersburg, 197101
E. E. Topuzov
North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov; City Clinical Oncology Dispensary
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Prof. Eldar E. Topuzov, MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Head of Department of Hospital Surgery named after V.A. Oppel; Chief physician of the St. Petersburg City Clinical Oncology Dispensary
Kirochnaya Street, 41, St. Petersburg, 191015
2nd Berezovaya Alley, 3/5, St. Petersburg, 197022
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For citations:
Kholopov D.V., Lyalina L.V., Khizha V.V., Kasatkin E.V., Topuzov E.E. Epidemiological Profile of Laryngeal Cancer: Gender Differences, Morphological Patterns, and Survival Rates. Fundamental and Clinical Medicine. 2026;11(2):88-101. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.23946/2500-0764-2026-11-2-88-101
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